Similarities And Differences Between Terrorism

attempts to outline unique patterns of political violence and terrorism strategies systematically grouped as "the wave system" (TWS). The research explores over a 135-year period of rebel terror activities where TWS is systematically divided by "The four waves of Modern Terrorism", with each wave lasting 40 years. Extensive research on past events over a long timeline, and wide-ranging research references allows the reader to credit the reliability of the publication. The objective is to illustrate the relationship between international terrorist factions within certain time frames in history. TWS as a model attempts to link contemporary rebel terrorist groups

Modern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explained in the context of being a wave or having a life cycle. That means it is a cycle of activity demarked by phases from inception and expands along the way then eventually it declines. The world, thus far, has experienced four waves of modern

Right-wing terrorism, also referred to as vigilante terrorism is defined as “Vigilante terrorism includes right-wing terrorism aimed at "restoring" the political relationships of an earlier time or realizing social objectives that are neglected or discounted in the contemporary world” (Professor Cadigan, 2015, Week 4 lecture). There is also left-wing terrorism, which is referred to as insurgent terrorism is explained as “forcing change through terrorist acts” (Professor Cadigan, 2015, Week 4 lecture). Left-wing terrorism has been around since the 1960s to 1970s.

This article by Isabelle Duyvesteyn starts off by summarising the objectives that challenge the perspective of terrorism since the last decade of the twentieth century is fundamentally new. In this article certain questions have been debated regarding new aspects of terrorism and they are: “transnational nature of the perpetrators and their organizations, their religious inspiration, fanaticism, use of weapons of mass destruction and their indiscriminate targeting.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)In order to understand the depth of aspects of new terrorism the article talks about “national and territorial focus of the new terrorists, their political motivations, use of conventional weaponry and the symbolic targeting that is aimed in order to achieve a surprising effect.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)

The word “terrorism” was first used during the French Revolution when British statesman Edmond Burke used the term to describe the actions of the Jacobin-dominated French government. Under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre, thousands of people that were said to be enemies of the state were put on trial and then executed by use of the guillotine (O 'Connor, 2006). However, since the inception of the word, it has taken on a new meaning. One can now hear the word “terrorism” and be overcome by anger or even fear. Terrorism now seems to have turned to attacks against a government rather

Terrorism is a frightening reality that all people in today’s world must face. While some areas of the world are facing terrorism more than others nearly are regions and all people are facing the violence and devastating effects of terrorism in one form or another.

Terrorism has been a part of the history in the world for centuries. Although the definition of terrorism has developed throughout time, many threats and events are described as terrorism. There have been several waves of terrorism, according to David Rapoport (Weinberg, Eubank 2014). These waves showed different goals and outcomes of the terrorist groups during a certain time period. The earliest forms of terrorism were considered assassinations in attempts to change political power. During the eleventh century, the Sicaril and Hashshashin were terrorist of that time because of their attempts at assassinations and kidnappings.

Terrorism share several similarities during and after the cold war, which includes pursuing independence from government, having a rebellion movement, and related terrorist action or method as a holy war. However, terrorism shares several differences during and after the cold war. First, terrorism in the cold war change status quo or acquire mass support. Modern terrorism expanded by using force involving advanced weaponry bombs, suicidal squad, sabotage, intimidation, smuggling, kidnapping, threat,

Terrorism is defined as the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion. It’s a problem that the United States and other countries have dealt with since before 9/11 but more significantly afterwards. On September 11, 2001, there was a series of four attacks by the Islamic terrorist group known as al-Qaeda. Two planes crashed into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and a third crashed into the Pentagon, which houses the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense in Virginia. There was a fourth plane that was on track to Washington, D.C. but crashed into field in Pennsylvania. Several lives were lost, a total of 2,977 according to a CNN report. However 9/11 was only the beginning of terrorist attacks. Although 9/11 happened in the United Sates, terrorist attacks are felt worldwide and happen in countries other than the U.S. Recently, there have been terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels. In 2015-16 alone there have been 10 known terrorist attacks in places such as Syria, Nigeria and Iraq, which doesn 't include the minuscule ones that the media doesn 't cover. I will describe the beginnings of terrorism. Second, I will show the influence of religion on terrorism, particularly Islam. Lastly, describe the effects of terrorism on different parts of the world and its causes.

In our society today, terrorism is not a word that goes unseen; terrorism can easily be followed back to early history. Though terrorism is well known by many, it is universally hard to define (Brown, 2008). Terrorism as a word can differ from person to person. One can describe it as strategy, while someone else might call it a tactic. Everyone can define what a word is to them based on their status in society. For instance, Someone who is a white male in the middle- class will see terrorism different than a Muslim male in the lower-middle class. Each point of view is incredibly important because this where we start to have opposing views and definitions (Brown, 2008).

It has enhanced their confidence and allowed them to openly justify their violent activities by displacing their responsibility on their victims who are responsible for the state of affairs or activities through which the groups adopts violence. Though ideology, terrorists are able to accurately identify and develop a motive for their actions. The need for attention and political identity is another factor that motivates this particular organization towards terrorist activities (Drake, 2007). For example, in 1980 the Red Brigades of Italy violently tried to destabilize the Italian government through various acts of sabotage, kidnapping and robbery in an attempt to communicate the need for political change in the country by replacing it with a dictatorship form of government. Frustration was another factor that motivated this particular terrorist organization. For example, the group was formed to revolt against capitalism within the country’s industrial

The IRA is an intriguing case as the group has been in existence since the early 20th century and has since that time directly and indirectly supported and influenced other terrorist groups. Historically speaking, the group has been in existence since 1922. However, the organization’s activity and involvement in political and terrorist actions has fluctuated throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. From 1969 until the early 1990s, the IRA engaged in a complex tri-part guerilla campaign against the Protestant Unionists and against the British Army (White 2014, p. 144). And although the peace accords of the mid 2000s led to the cessation of violence and the disbanding of the IRA, former operatives continue to support terrorist activities throughout the globe particularly in Latin American and in Middle Eastern nations (White 2014, p. 145). The IRA is thus connected to the issue of transnational support in the sense that the group was itself directly and indirectly funded and supported in various ways during its conflict with the Unionists and the British, and in the sense that former operatives are still heavily involved with both international crime syndicates and terrorist

Situated in the current literature on terrorism, the “four waves” of international terrorism was coined by David Rapoport. He describes waves as “a cycle of activity in a given time period,” one that is “characterized by expansion and contraction phases,” and its chief feature is its international character, where the activities in the several afflicted countries are “driven by a common predominant energy that shapes the participating groups’ characteristics and mutual relationships.” Having traced through history the direction of modern terrorism dating as far back as 1880, Rapaport lists four distinct waves of terrorism: anarchism, anti-colonialism, communism/socialism, and religious fundamentalism; the names of which reflecting

Heightened attention is paid to terrorism since September 11, 2001 terror attacks on World Trade Center and the Pentagon by Al Qaeda terror network. The act of terror and terrorist groups however have existed for centuries. Terrorism as Ted Gur would explain is a tactic used by the weak to intimate the strong and by the strong to intimidate the weak (Gur in White, 2002, p.205). It is believed that when a group resorts to terror against its own citizens or another state, it is admittance that they do not have the power or strength to deal with the issue therefore results to use of violence, such as guerilla or unconventional warfare, to challenge the legitimacy or in Weber’s term legitimate, violence” (Couto 2010, P. 68). Irish Republican Army in the 1960s and 70s carried out various terrorist act in their demand for British withdrawal and unification of Ireland. They strategically attacked pubs, town centers and the Royal Ulster Constabulary. They also was involved in international terrorism because they strategically carried out attacks in England. Likewise, Palestinian Liberation Organization whose aim was to liberate Palestinians through arm struggle carried out terrorist activities in Israel, and against Israelis in Munich Olympics (Cristie, 2011).

or were time consuming, given the urgency of the situation and government’s superior resources. That is why terrorism was called “the shortcut to revolution.” Pursuing extreme interests in the political area, the phenomenon called “old” terrorism”, was also state sponsored from complete control at the one end of the spectrum, through providing trainings,