Phonological System Analysis

Once the pressure is on they'll eventually give up, which will lead into failing or dropping out of school. Signs of dropping out of school due to illiteracy can be found within a sixth grade student. Statistics show that every 1 in 4 children will transform into an adult without knowing how to read. NAEP statistics from 2002 show that 25 percent of nationwide eighth graders are below basic reading levels. As current NAEP statistics shoe less than one third eighth graders meet NAEP requirements and 2 percent are advanced reader according to the U.S. Department of

In society today, people are judged by their level of education. Education is the key in society today. According to begintoread.com, today in the United States 1 out of 4 children grow up without learning how to read. Also at early stage of life the brain start developing and adjusting to the environment that they were raised in. In addition, books and education helps develop the brain especially in early age. According to the National Center for Education, Statistics shows that the majority of people who don’t complete high school have basic or below-basic literacy skills. 26% of prison inmates nationwide had parents who had not completed high school, and 37% of inmates had not completed high school themselves. Literacy is powerful in times of development because it leads to success in life and helps with solving a problem.

Burgess and Hitch (1999) added to and tested the original model of the phonological loop. They created multiple lists: one with the combination of short and long words, one with short words, and one with long words. Burgess and Hitch predicted that the short list would have a higher recall rate, while the long list would take longer to memorize. However, the mixed list would take less time to recall but longer time to memorize (Burgess & Hitch,1999).

Some parents may have heard about phonics and questioned its relevance to learning to read. Without understanding why phonics is important to learn, parents of beginning readers may be unsure of what their child’s teacher really insinuates when he or she discusses phonics. Parents may also question if phonics is more successful if learned at a particular age. Quite simply, phonics is the organization of relationships connecting letters and sounds in a language. For instance, when a kindergarten student learns that the letter D has the sound of /d/ and then enter second grade to learn that “tion” sounds like /shun/, the student is learning phonics (Armbruster, Lehr, & Osborn, 2001, p. 11).

According to our textbook, there are five approaches to phonics instruction. The approaches include synthetic phonics instruction, embedded phonics instruction, analogy-based phonics instruction, analytic phonics instruction, and phonics-through-spelling instruction. Synthetic phonics instruction shows the student how to change letters or letter combinations into speech sounds to form known words, and is commonly referred to as sounding out words. Embedded phonics instruction teaches students by embedding phonics instruction in text reading and relies on incidental learning. Phonics through spelling instruction teaches students to segment spoken words into phonemes and write letters that represent those

Reading instruction can only be successful when a teacher incorporates all of the major content strands of the reading process into their lesson plans, phonemic awareness is the starting point of this process. Phonemic awareness is, in its most simple terms, is the conscious awareness of the sounds in words (Hill, 2012, p.137). An example of this would be a child who can recognise the sounds /c/, /a/ and /t/ in the word cat and understand when those sounds are put together they form a word and that this theory can be applied to all words. By using explicit teaching methods, a child will have been well supported in developing their phonemic awareness, this lays the foundation for the further development of their reading skills. These explicit

For years, phonology has been incorporated into language education. Young children are introduced to phonics as educators take them through visual flash cards, teaching them the sounds of the alphabet. Children learn to connect sounds into words, using what they learned from the alphabet to apply a system of sounds into a word. Controversy regarding this reading education method has additionally been popular. Although researchers have found negative effects in learning to read phonologically, teachers can still strategically incorporate it into the classroom as long as they are aware of its potential negative effects.

Literacy has been shown to have an important and high impact on the core subjects. Literacy strategies are essential for teachers to use in the classroom. Students need a variety of literacy strategies in order for them to truly learn, understand, and apply the subject content. There has been countless research done on the impact that literacy has on the core subjects in elementary school, such as mathematics, science, and social studies. These studies range in perspectives by either focusing on the positives, the negatives, or both the positives and the negatives of the literacy in these content areas. There have also been research studies conducted on a variety of literacy strategies and how they impact classroom instruction in certain subject areas. These research studies led me to conduct my own research on the effect that literacy has on the core subjects, mathematics, science, and social studies.

The Australian English curriculum is based on three interrelated strands of language, literature and literacy. Together, the three strands focus on developing receptive skills, such as listening, reading and viewing, as well as productive skills including, speaking, writing and creating (Australian Curriculum, 2015). In order to develop these skills teachers need to instill in children key concepts such as phonemic awareness. Phonics, as a teaching theory, was established in the early nineteenth century (ref). It can be defined as a "system of teaching reading that builds on the alphabetic principle, a system of which a central component is the teaching of correspondences between letters or groups of letters and their pronunciations" (Adams, 1994; Liu, 2010). English is a complex language with thousands of words. Therefore teaching students 42 sounds or phonics is far more effective than focusing on words as a whole (DeCeuklaire, 2015). There are many benefits that come from teaching phonics, for example, phonics assist in the decoding of unfamiliar words, improve comprehension, expand students ' vocabulary and increase their ability to read fluently

“The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn the more places you'll go.” This quote by Dr. Seuss explains the importance of reading. Knowing how to read is very important to be successful in life. In 2009,a nationwide study by the National Center for Educational Statistics recorded that sixty-seven percent of 4th grade students, seventy-five percent of 8th grade students, and seventy-four percent of 12th grade students were not reading at a proficient level. This will cause many problems as the child progresses through life and later on to adulthood. According to the National assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), forty-three percent read at the lowest 2 literacy level ("Who Needs Phonics"). They will

More than 8 million students in grades 4-12 read below grade level. Only 32 percent of America’s 8th- grade students and roughly the same percentage of 12th graders

“Around 42 percent of 4th graders score below basic in overall reading skill on the

Introduction: Phonology analysis is helpful for Chinese learners who are learning English as a second language. Recently, the requirements for ESL learners to carry out the best solutions for second language learners are in great demand because those learners have the experience of listening to second language teaching. Hence this topic is really of significance for me,as a future teacher, to write about.

linguists in the past and the present. One specific reason was to gather and compile

Tripthongs also exist. These are diphthongs followed by a schwa /əә/. Some examples of tripthongs are shower, lower, lawyer. The schwa is the most common phoneme in English. Essentially it is the default unstressed or weak vowel sound. In British English, the schwa can be found at the end of all words ending “er” (e.g., father, mother); note that we do not pronounce