Nasdaq Case

Intermediaries add value by solving market separations or gaps, helping to make markets between buyers and sellers.

This enables' them to sell their unsold outdated stocks but also help them to keep intact their old customer , and have new customers with this promotion .

In order to succeed in any business, it is extremely important to understand the stock market. In this assignment we were asked to follow the stock market continuously for four months and understand the market. The stock market is a global marketplace, where goods and services are traded in the form of equities.

Financial markets reference a platform that allows the exchange of monetary assets with securities or other entities solely, in corporate groups and also through government based groups. The financial markets mainly facilitate the transfer at low prices for the buyer but at a sufficient level for the seller, if the requests and source match (Jones 2002). Stocks are a core market in the United States and have been highly recognized for an extensive period based on the revenue they generate for the economy. The global economy caters for the buying, selling and holding of stocks by the investor and also allows for the placement of a monitoring and party capable of performing the stated transactions on behalf of the investor (Darškuvienė

According to Alfaro, Chanda, Kalemli-Ozcan, & Sayek (2004) stock markets play a vital role as they allow investors to buy and sell shares in publicly traded companies. They are one of the most vital areas of a market economy as they provide companies with access to capital and investors with a slice of ownership in the company and the potential of gains based on the company 's future performance.

They are there to create, produce and maintain all policies and procedures. And more importantly ensure that procedures are correctly followed and fairly enforced in the work place.

They are sent by the owners of the business for the sale and promotion of its products. They have a first-hand relationship with the consumers and they understand tastes, desires and buying habits of the consumers.

Selling over a large variety of products such medicines and beauty accessories, then organic food, drinks, and they also sell a variety of their brands such as Quo, LifeBrand, Sanis, SValue etc.

The Equity Capital Markets Group at TD Securities Inc. is a leader in the origination, structuring, marketing and execution of all equity and equity-related products. TD Securities Inc. in The Equity Capital Markets Group has book run transactions in a wide range of sectors and products with underwriting activities ranging from initial public offerings and follow-on offerings to monetization and private placements. There are several areas of product expertise which include:

Knight Capital Group, a financial services firm engaging primarily in market making, was founded in 1995 by Kenneth Pasternak and Walter Raquet. A market maker is a company that stands by to buy and sell financial instruments while hoping to make a gain from the bid-offer spread. Using high frequency trading algorithms, Knight was once the largest trader in U.S. equities.

This case is about insider trading, which was publicly released to by the Securities and Exchange Commission official website on December 12, 2012. Sung Kook “Bill” Hwang, the founder and portfolio manager of a New York based hedge fund, Tiger Asia Partners and Tiger Management, committed insider trading by short selling three Chinese bank stocks based on confidential information they received in private placement offerings. Hwang and his advisory firms then covered the short positions with private placement shares purchased at a significant

Turning from the venue of block order trades to a high-frequency trading spot of smaller and medium size orders, dark pools are now being questioned for their initial purpose and if their presence is lowering the market quality.

In stock markets and public exchanges around the world there are ongoing underground trading systems. These systems are a marketplace for electronic investors to provide liquidity. When utilizing the ways of purchasing and selling stocks frequently, multiple facets of these exchanges expose different ways that price discovery will be affected. These underground markets are called Dark Pools. The speed and rate at which trading is possible within dark pool markets are far beyond what past models of trading were composed of. New programs and models allow traders to become leaders by devising new ways to compete in the market for completing orders. Traders devise algorithmic robots that utilize artificial intelligence. These amplified tools of trading are utilized in a way that impacts trading capabilities and price discovery by the average investor. By analyzing the functionality and techniques used in trading within Dark Pools an understanding will be gained of how dark pools disparately impact and affect price discovery.

The London Stock Exchange lists the FTSE 100 which is a share index of stocks of 100 companies showing the highest market capitalisation. This will be completed by discussing the movement of the company’s share during the time period. The companies will also be compared to the movement of the shares against each other, against FTSE 100 and against its industry sector. The records and comparisons will be all in context of Stock Market Efficiency. Stock Market allows a company to be aware of the trade with shares and finance which is at an agreeable price. Two of the companies chosen to

In a nutshell, clearing houses sit between buyers and sellers of financial instruments, reducing trading risks by ensuring one party gets paid even if the other party goes bust before the transaction can be fully completed. Clearing houses underpin the confidence of capital markets as they reduce counterparty exposure due to trading activity. Global regulators govern clearing activity through measures like section 723 of Dodd-Frank and EMIR, each of which have made central counterparty clearing houses (CCPs) a critical part of the global capital markets infrastructure.