Essay on Module 3 Original Assignment

vigorously to get into IBM in the first place, but once there they were some of the happiest, most productive, and

Pharmaceutical companies are provided with temporary monopoly rights on the production of new drugs which result in a higher cost on consumers. If competing companies were allowed to produce generic forms of those drugs, consumers will be able to afford those medications even in cases where those consumers have no insurance coverage. The company responsible for developing and inventing the original medication could be offered incentives to invent in the future by either obtaining tax breaks or NIH funding for future research. They could even be offered a percentage of the sales of the generic drugs. Economist Gary S. Becker advocates dropping many FDA requirements that, in his opinion, provide no additional safety measures but rather delay the development of new drugs.[12] Betamethasone, for example, has been part of the standard prenatal care in Europe since the late 1970’s while it got adopted in the U.S. after 1997. On many occasions, the FDA ignores all scientific evidence concerning certain drugs because the manufacturer did not follow their mandated bureaucratic standards.

Directions: Please carefully read the following case study and answer the following questions in typed format. The resources that you will need to complete this case study include your textbook and drug book. Please include in text citations. This independent assignment is worth 25 points.

1. What should Rani Pharmaceuticals do? Rani Pharmaceuticals should act in the best interest of their loyal customers as well as their own. By sending out the next quarterly newsletter with additional information on the Soothing Waters Hot Tubs and Spas, and allow the consumers to decide if they would like to receive further more information.

1) What are the ethical issues in this case? There are a few ethical issues in this case, making genetically engineered food and distributing to the public without the publics knowledge is unethical. Another ethical issue is not knowing what side affects of the engineered food will do to humans in the long term. It is still not determined whether or not some of these GM foods will cause health problems in humans in the long run and should be tested like new drug have to be tested. It seems to me that the government is not as strict on GM foods like they are on new drugs being tested.

In my opinion, a lot of people in foreign countries are uneducated and therefore, may not fully understand the risks, complications and side effects of these experimental drugs. If they do not have the means to adequately research the drug prior to testing it, they may end up doing so without fully understanding what potential side effects are involved. I am not sure how well companies educate these foreign countries and or people involved in the case study. If these people are not educated properly than it is unethical for them to test experimental drugs on them.

In recent years, it has become an increasingly popular practice for drug companies to perform their clinical testing of new drugs in foreign countries that might not have the consumer protections or product liability laws present in the United States.

1. What kinds of political systems are there and what are the social functions of political systems?

The Pharmaceutical industry has been in the spotlight for decades due to the fact that they have a reputation for being unethical in its marketing strategies. In The Washington Post Shannon Brownlee (2008) states, “We try never to forget that medicine is for the people. It is not for the profits. The profits follow.” This honorable statement is completely lost in today’s world of pharmaceutical marketing tactics. These tactics are often deceptive and biased. Big Pharma consistently forgets their moral purpose and focuses primarily on the almighty dollar. Big Pharma is working on restoring their reputation by reforming their ethical code of conduct.

The Pfizer case provides an introduction to external analysis. The case highlights the pharmaceutical industry, which has enjoyed extraordinary long-run profitability. The case also demonstrates how broad changes in broad environmental factors (i.e. demographics, technology, culture, etc.) have an impact on industry competition. The case is not especially complex, so it is not overwhelming as a first case.

In the book “Gifted Hands” Ben Carson explains each letter of “THINK BIG”. “THINK BIG” stands for Talent, Honesty, Insight, Nice, Knowledge, Big, In-Depth Learning, and God. I believe the three most successful letters in “THINK BIG” are Honesty, Nice ,and God.These are the most important for success because they make a big difference in your life and they can give you hope for your patient.

about the companies are used to not stop research lab about animal testing is that there is no legal animal testing onto the animal testing that government needs info about the company's lab experiments. This commercial testing is horrible to do innocent creatures, Also rabbits and white rats are most testing experiments to see if their are affected by the drug. There are many types of drugs of disease that affect the animals from the drugs, Some drugs do really kill these innocent creatures. Additionally i think this is not ok for me but other people think it is ok for animal testing because they have no feeling about innocent creatures.

The article, “Limitations and Dangers,” written by NEAVS, explores the shortcomings of practical animal testing and the risks posed to human health. According to the article, the exorbitant costs of testing a new drug are accumulated when said drug needs to go through multiple rounds of testing before being deemed safe enough for human trials; the phrase “time is money” is an entirely true statement in the medical research industry. The amount of time needed to complete testing could potentially require billions of dollars, as seen with common rat testing to determine a substance's carcinogenic properties. Such tests will take, “up to five years from planning to evaluation and review, at a cost of up to more than $4 million per substance” (“Limitations”). The inefficiency in cost and time required make it difficult to thoroughly evaluate the potential effects of more than 100,000 chemicals currently sold worldwide, as well as the millions of combinations of these chemicals (“Costs”). In addition to the cost of proctoring the tests, the cost of purchasing the animals needs to be factored into whether this practice is economically solid. Evidence suggests that animal testing has continued despite its limitations because for-profit commercial interests are giving the animal research industry the financial motivation needed to continue. Research facilities require massive amounts of money to not only conduct tests, but to purchase and raise animals , such as, ”The Jackson Laboratory—’a leading mammalian genetics research center’— [who] sold 2.9 million mice for a profit of $98.7 million” (“Limitations”) in 2010. Clearly, exorbitant costs associated with using the outdated methods of animal testing are not

The laws that are applied in testing on humans may be valid in the United States, but that does not man other countries have to abide by our limitations. In 2011 it was discovered that, “the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ inspector general reported that between 40 and 65 percent of clinical studies of federally regulated medical products were done in other countries in 2008, and that proportion probably has grown. The report also noted that U.S. regulators inspected fewer than 1 percent of foreign clinical trial sites,” (2). This means that the United States is acting upon a loophole in the FDA regulations for experimental treatments and they found a way around the restrictions put into effect here in the States.

“Despite the use of over 115 million animals in experiments… on average only 25 new medicines are approved... Many of these are for rare diseases” (“Arguments against animal testing”). On top of the use of over 115 million animals, whenever a drug is being developed in a laboratory, first it will be tested on animals , then when satisfied with the results, the drugs move into the voluntary human testing stage, and if that fails, which usually happens, then they would start all over again until find a solution to the problem . This causes millions of animal deaths and the price of newly developed drugs would significantly inflate, that is if it ever passes safety tests and sold in