Introduction. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Gdm)By Definition

Along with all the worries and complications a woman might face while pregnant, one of the more serious conditions is gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs in 4% of all pregnancies (Seibel, 2009). Many women are not informed about the disease, some may not know that they need to be tested, and others may have heard about it, but want more information on what may cause it and/or how to prevent and treat it. Either way this disease needs to be taken seriously by every pregnant woman or woman planning to get pregnant to protect not only herself but the unborn child.

The audience intended for this paper are mothers that have a desire to breastfeed, employers, clinicians, breastfeeding advocacy groups and federal and state legislators involved in policy change.

Amanda manages her gestational diabetes with diet. She experiences a few episodes of postprandial hyperglycemia, but does not have to go on insulin. At her 36-week

DiGirolamo, A., Grummer-Strawn, L., & Fein, S. (2008). Effect of Maternity-Care Practices on Breastfeeding. Pediatrics , S43-S49.

breastfeed agree that they feel a closer bond with their children after breastfeeding and are able to better understand their child’s wants (Newman and Pitman 14). In The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that breastfeeding can reduce risk of postpartum depression, a condition that affects 13 percent of mothers, causing them to be upset and even angry at their child for crying, as well as other serious symptoms that can affect the mother’s mental state (3). They also found that a

I have chosen breastfeeding as my teaching topic for this assignment. The specific clientèle will be the new mother at between 2 and 7 days postpartum, newly discharged from hospital. As a community health nurse working with children and young families, I do initial postpartum visits at home. Breastfeeding is a very complex skill, natural, yet sometimes difficult to do. The client is often overwhelmed with information received in hospital, so sessions must be kept short, and made easy to understand. The area in which I work is multicultural. There is often a language barrier which further complicates

Twenty one to one interviews were conducted with women who have had babies within one year. Half are currently breastfeeding and half are not breastfeeding at all but were at the time of birth. Ages range from 20 to 34. I will first discuss the women who are not breastfeeding. There were several motives expressed as reasons why breastfeeding was not successful, but the overwhelming underlying reason was lack of proper education. Motives listed in order of most frequent were pain associated with breastfeeding (3), lack adequate milk supply (3), infection from oversupply (1), lack of pumping time/space at work (2), wanted baby to sleep longer (1), and family members not being supportive (2). Concurrently, in literature, lack of adequate milk supply and returning to work were the two main reasons women stopped breastfeeding (Arlotti, Cottrell, Lee, & Curtin, 1998). The women that reported pain as the reason for not continuing to breastfeed never sought out a lactation consultation, and felt like their primary care provider was not well versed in lactation in general. The women who stopped breastfeeding due to inadequate milk supply all became frustrated and stopped at a common infant growth spurt phase suggesting that education on growth spurts and how the supply and demand system work may have been beneficial. The women who stopped breastfeeding due to pumping concerns at work were not educated on the state laws regarding breastfeeding and that the law mandates a reasonable

Throughout this paper, the author information will provide information on how different methods of teaching can help to influence the continuation of breastfeeding in pregnant and postpartum mothers. The paper will also critique three research articles. The articles will consist of either qualitative or quantitative research. The main goal or purpose of this paper is to show why mothers discontinue breastfeeding after discharge and how healthcare providers can more appropriately promote its continuation to these mothers.

Gestational diabetes is a disease that affects pregnant women it’s a glucose intolerance that is started or diagnosed during pregnancy. Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies. Pregnancy hormones can block insulin therefore causing the glucose levels to increase in a pregnant woman’s blood. Gestational diabetes starts when your body is not able to make and use all the insulin it needs for pregnancy (American Diabetes Association). Without enough insulin, glucose cannot leave the blood and be changed to

The risk factors selected for this study were a family history of diabetes, a personal history of GDM, maternal age of 35 or older, a BMI ≥25 kg/m2, and a history of macrosomia in a previous pregnancy. It should be noted that two of these criteria (previous GDM and previous macrosomic infant) cannot be applied to nulliparous women. In this study, investigators found that the number of risk factors identified was directly proportional to the prevalence of GDM and the incidence of adverse events related to GDM, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, LGA infants, and shoulder dystocia. Interestingly, 35% of the women on the study that did not have any of the risk factors identified were subsequently diagnosed with gestational diabetes. These women also experienced more GDM-related events, despite being treated, than women without GDM. This high percentage is likely reflective of the low number of risk factors used in the study (only three risk factors for nulliparous women), combined with the fact that patients may be mistaken regarding family medical history. The patients in this study were predominantly of low socioeconomic status, which is considered by many experts to be a risk factor for GDM (Gunderson, et al., 2007). If socioeconomic status had been used as one of the risk factors evaluated, it is likely that far fewer than 35% of patients without risk factors would have

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an intolerance of glucose documented for the first time during pregnancy. It is usually a short-term type of diabetes and the most common health problem with pregnant women. GBM is caused by the way the hormones in pregnancy affect the mother. GDM accounts for 5-7% of all pregnancies (American Diabetes Association, 2010). During pregnancy the placenta develops and becomes the main bond between the mother and the baby. It is used to make sure the baby has and gets enough nutrients. The placenta makes several hormones which make it hard for insulin to control blood glucose and block the action of the mother’s insulin in her body (American Diabetes Association, 2010). Hormonal changes during the

The challenges these women faced range from difficulty latching to lack of milk production. Challenges occurred from birth to during the research, some babies went through phases where they did not want to nurse, others wanted to nurse, but had difficulty latching. Women had issues with engorgement, high/low milk supply, nipple pain, and strong let down. In reference to Karleen D Gribble (2014), “ The societal expectation in Australia and other developed countries is that babies breastfeed for only a few months” (p.6 ) and it is not socially acceptable to continue to breastfeed beyond this time ( ). During this study, women become aware that it was considered unusual to continue to nourish their babies past a year old. Women pushed themselves to continue to breastfeed through the challenges they faced, some women said they were able to continue to nourish their babies past infancy because of the assistance they received from the Australian Breastfeeding Association (ABA), and the support of their family and friends. Throughout this study women, “who had previously had difficult and brief breastfeeding experiences but these negative experiences made them determined to make subsequent breastfeeding relationships more successful” (Gribble, 2014, p. 12). At the end of this study, it showed that many women faced at least one obstacle while nursing.

We explored the bond created between mother and child, the health benefits for babies, and the many ways in which a mother benefits from breastfeeding.

In completing post-class questionnaires, participants scored significantly higher for breastfeeding knowledge, rated breastfeeding as significantly more important, and cited significantly higher confidence levels in breastfeeding than in pre-class questionnaires. In the 6-week postpartum interview, 70 of the original 153 mothers were interviewed. 91% were

Prior to this interview, I had mostly thought about breastfeeding in terms of the benefits of breastfeeding to the baby and the controversy over how long a baby should be breastfed. I had not thought about the impact of breastfeeding to the mother and it was enlightening to learn about the mother’s experience. I also learnt that breastfeeding is a unique experience and never the same from one mother to another. My friend pointed out to me that while she had a great experience; some of her friends did not. Breastfeeding becomes even more challenging with postpartum depression, thrush and sever breast