India Pakistan Negotiation is Best in the Interest of Pakistan

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

The conflict in Kashmir dates all the way back to 1947 and still continues to this day. Kashmir is an 85,806 square mile territory North of India and East of Pakistan. Kashmir was one of the many states governed by British rule before gaining its independence in 1947. This independence was not truly meant to be permanent; the ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, was meant to join Kashmir to either India or Pakistan. The majority of Kashmir’s population was Muslim, so Pakistan, being a Muslim nation, expected Kashmir to cede to them. Unfortunately, Maharaja was Hindu, so he remained neutral in the decision. This sent Pakistan into an uproar, and in October of 1947, Pakistan sent Muslim troops into Kashmir. Maharaja appealed to the Indian government for military assistance and signed the Instrument of Accession, ceding Kashmir to India; the first Indo-Pakistan war begins.

Conflicts between Afghanistan and Pakistan brought to the forefront deep-rooted issues that continue to plague relations between the two neighboring countries. Pakistan and Afghanistan are two neighboring Islamic states in South Asia with sharing borders. Conflicts between the 2 started because Afghanistan never recognized the Durand line, which divides the 2 neighboring countries. Pakistan always wanted to keep Afghanistan under their control, but if Afghanistan opposes it would dispute its boundaries with Pakistan. The differences between the two can differ from economical to political and of course geographical. Economically, Pakistan is better than Afghanistan. Pakistan is a semi-industrialized country, poised to develop at a high rate. As of 2011, Pakistan’s nominal GDP was US$202 billion. Afghanistan, on the other hand, is one of the poorest countries in the world. For a long time, Afghan economy has remained closed with trade between tribes and communities. Prolonged instability caused no foreign investments to come through. As of

“In 1974 it was predicted that it fall under Pakistan since most of the population was Muslim,” according to Borneman (2), this causes a fight over which religion is better. “It was decided that India will get Jammu-Kashmir, but Pakistan was waiting The Raja of Jammu and Kashmir to consider changing it to part of Pakistan” according to Suzane Martin (1),later on it was made official that India got Kashmir. Which later on caused war between India and Pakistan. This decision has had an impact on religion. Pakistan is wanting still Kashmir and it is clear that geography is impacting the religion and the conflict between India and Pakistan. Geography can also not impact religion but nature as

Since 1947 when India gained independence from British rule and Pakistan was formed, India and Pakistan have fought over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, a fight which has increased the conflict. The conflict over Kashmir is located in the heart of South Central Asia and shares borders with Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and India. It has a population of 12.4 million. After the Buddhist and Hindu rule, Kashmir was converted into Islam and became part of mogul empire in 1586. After the British rule, Maharaja Hari Singh was unable to decide which dominion the state of Kashmir secede to. The decision was to stay independent. In the decision to control the region, the two countries have been involved in numerous war- the war in 1948 and 1965, the Kargil war of 1999. Kashmir is divided into three regions: one controlled by India, one controlled by Pakistan and a small area controlled by China. The current Kashmir conflict is supposed to be solved through bilateral talks, but both India and Pakistan threatens the peace and security over the region by attacking and killing soldiers over the control of line. Where once Kashmir was beautiful, it is now a state where people live in fear for their lives.

Pakistan is an incredibly important nation when it relates to the United States and foreign policy. With just shy of two hundred million people, it is the sixth most populous nation on Earth and also has significant influence on southern Asian and middle eastern politics (Worldometers). In the coming paragraphs, many important factors of Pakistan such as geography, language, religion, and political make-up will be analyzed and discussed in how it relates to the United States and the military.

Pakistan, which means "land of the pure", is a predominantly Muslim state located in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent. Extending from the northern Himalayan mountain ranges one thousand miles down to the Arabian Sea, it is bounded on the northwest by the mountain ranges of Koh Sulaiman and by Afghanistan and on the southwest by the Iranian section of Baluchistan. In the east, Pakistan is separated from India along the Sutlej River, the deserts of Rajasthan, and the Rann of Kutch; and a cease fire line dividing the Kashmir Valley separates the two countries in the north.

Pakistan’s economy has paid a huge price in partnering the war on terror with the USA. According to a recently released IMF report called “Pakistan Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper”, total losses, measured in terms of exports, foreign investment, industrial output and tax collection, are estimated to be around RS 2.08 trillion during the last five years period.

The Kashmir dispute is the oldest unresolved international conflict in the world today. Pakistan considers Kashmir as its core political dispute with India. So does the international community, except India. The exchange of fire between their forces across the Line of Control, which separates Azad Kashmir from Occupied Kashmir, is a routine affair. Now that both India and Pakistan have acquired nuclear weapons potential, the possibility of a third war between them over Kashmir, which may involve the use of nuclear weapons, cannot be ruled out. Kashmir may be a cause to a likely nuclear disaster in South Asia, which should be averted with an intervention by the international community. Such an intervention is urgently

Pakistan has grown much more than other low-income countries, but has failed to achieve social progress commensurate with its economic growth. The educated and well-off urban population

The economic past of Pakistan begins with its independence in 1947. Pakistan’s economy is a semi-industrialized economy that used to be largely dependent upon textile, agriculture and food production. Although over years there is a recent advancement observed in areas of technological diversification but the country still needs to

Pakistan displays some of Asia’s most magnificent landscapes as it stretches from the Arabian Sea, its southern border, to some of the world’s most spectacular mountain ranges in the north. Pakistan is also home to sites that date back to word’s earliest settlements rivaling those of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia . When Pakistan emerged on the map of the world as a sovereign and independent state in August 1947, it was like a baby in ICU with hardly any prospect of survival, on account of its extremely vulnerable defence and fragile economy. However, despite numerous setbacks, crises and turmoils of gigantic magnitude, it has so far been able to survive and make some progress due to several factors, perhaps the most important of which is

Pakistan says that Kashmir is a disputed territory whose final status must be determined by the people of Kashmir. Pakistan always keep same just Jammu and Kashmir is occupied territory exception of India. Pakistan seas fire signed under the coercive pressure. And is here no legal and moral justification. And because the UN security council also accept the self deternation of the Kashmiri people and that’s way UN resolution still alive and effective.

The Negotiable Instruments Act was enacted, in India, in 1881. Prior to its enactment, the provision of the English Negotiable Instrument Act were applicable in India, and the present Act is also based on the English Act with certain modifications. It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. The Act operates subject to the provisions of Sections 31 and 32 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Section 31 of the Reserve Bank of India Act provides that no person in India other than the Bank or as expressly authorised by this Act, the Central Government shall draw, accept, make or issue any bill of exchange, hundi, promissory note or engagement for the payment of money payable to bearer on demand. This Section further provides that no one except the RBI or the Central Government can make or issue a promissory note expressed to be payable or demand or after a certain time. Section 32 of the Reserve Bank of India Act makes issue of such bills or notes punishable with fine which may extend to the amount of the instrument. The effect or the consequences of these provisions are:

These areas were neglected by the British being closer to the borders. It was considered safer to invest in central India which was beyond the reach of enemy air force. The affluent class in Pakistan was mostly Hindus and Sikhs and they transferred their wealth to India. Thus, at the time of its birth, Pakistan was virtually an “economic desert”13 and the masses were abysmally poor. There was “an acute famine of commodities of every day use.”14 The authorities, who were administering the country, were more interested in the procurement of goods and development of the country rather than promoting the cause of democratic governance. Pakistan’s low literacy, bad infrastructure, and instability made it difficult to take advantage of what is commonly called “globalization”. It did not produce much to offer in the exports market except low value primary goods, its work-force was not educated, and the government controlled trade and investment suffered for political reasons, partly due to mutually constrained relations with neighbouring India.