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Income Inequality

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Introduction The growing inequalities in our society and an individual’s motivation to work can be explained through different sociological perspectives. This essay examines two theories, the functionalist perspective of social stratification and Max Weber’s social stratification perspective of rationalisation and life chances. In the first section of the paper, the differences and similarities of these theories’ understanding of people’s motivation to work are discussed. This will be followed by the comparison of how the two theories analyse the general trend of the rise of income inequality. Overall, the essay seeks to provide a comparison between Functionalism and Weberism in analysing the trend of rise of income inequality and people’s …show more content…

According to this perspective, social stratification is considered as the differential ranking of human individuals through the public perception of them as either superior or inferior in society (Parsons 1940, p. 841). The various rankings of people exist in society through the different occupations an individual may occupy. Through this perspective, social inequalities are needed to ensure that various positions in society are filled accordingly to one’s capacity, established through the need of special talents and training for certain jobs in communities (Davis & Moore 1945, p. 243). The rewards system in society is essential to differentiate which occupations are perceived as more important over the other, and eventually drive one’s decision to work in specific positions of employment. This theory believes that in order to draw individual’s talent and motivate training, jobs that require higher technical knowledge are associated with higher rewards (David & Moore 1945, p. 247). For example, the rewards are higher for professions such as data analysts, as it demands further education and training to gain the appropriate technical knowledge compared to jobs that do not require this knowledge, such as bricklayers. Therefore, Functionalism proposed the differential rewards is important, as they incentivise people’s decision to pursue higher education and engage in rigorous training for …show more content…

For instance, Fernandez (2001) has found a significant increase in wage distribution associated with the rise of technology in recent labour market trends (Neckerman & Torche 2007, p. 338). The polarisation thesis concludes that technology advancement leads to growth at the top tier of the jobs, but the stagnation of intermediate jobs (Neckerman & Torche 2007, p. 338), hence there will be less social mobility between classes. As proposed by the functionalist theory, higher rewards are needed for jobs requiring technical knowledge (David & Moore 1945, p. 247), thus job positions that need the use of technology are to be paired with higher income because it requires the attainment of technical knowledge. Therefore, highly educated workers are seen as deserving for the rapid growth in their earnings, and the rise of income inequality is again analysed as having a functional role in

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