Introduction I believe that there should be corporate income tax, as it acts as a “user fee” for the “special privileges” (Rosen, Ch 19) corporations receive. The corporate income tax is a separate tax on corporate income, in which varies in a bracket between ten percent and thirty five percent. The effective corporate income tax rate is estimated at thirty two percent, and eighteen percent for non-corporations. Workers compensation, labor expenses, interest payments, and depreciation are tax deductible from taxable income. Since corporations sell stock to stockholders, those stockholders purchased a certain percentage of the corporation. In turn, purchasing a portion of the corporate liability. If a stockholder accumulates income within the corporation in which he holds stock shares, he reduces his tax liability. Although the shareholder’s additional income would eventually be taxed, his stock will grow at the before-tax rate of interest. This benefits the corporation and the shareholders, as neither party holds the entire liability, nor do the shareholders pay debt if the corporation is not generating profit. Corporate income tax also preserves the integrity of personal income tax. I believe that there should be corporate income tax, as the lack-there-of could create “potential opportunities for personal tax avoidance” (Rosen, Ch 19).
Corporate Income Tax Incidence The corporate income tax incidence is dependent on whether the perspective is from the short, long, or
If the United States are going to tax people, then they should tax everyone fairly. Corporate welfare can be as close to those, who shouldn't receive food stamps, or people like panhandlers, who pay no taxes for the money they receive. According to Citizens for Tax Justice, “American Fortune 500 corporations are avoiding up to $600 billion in U.S. federal income taxes by holding more than $2.1 trillion” of retained profits offshore, which they identify as “permanently reinvested” to stay away from a tax liability. Millionaires and Billionaires as well regularly pay less in taxes than a middle class American. Huffington Post states that millionaires and billionaires benefit from tax loopholes, deductions, deferrals and other types of accounts. This show’s corruptness and unfairness because the 1 percent continues to profit while the 99 percent pay most of all the taxes. The 99 percent of the people struggle to pay the bills while the 1 percent worries about what sports car they will buy next. In addition, when Wall Street fails, the taxpayers have to pay for their damages. For example, Millions of taxpayers lost their jobs due to the 2008-2009 Wall Street collapse, yet they are unwilling to pay additional taxes to pay for education and healthcare for the people who bailed them out. The United States should eliminate corporate welfare until they agree
Both coauthors explain “the myth of corporate taxes” with two statements: “When it comes down to it, no corporation or business really pays taxes,” and therefore, “the burden of it all falls on us [the taxpayers]” (32). They continue their explanation with another claim: “The economic education of Americans is so woefully inadequate that many of us actually think we pay less as individuals when the taxes are transferred to businesses and corporations” (31). To illustrate their point, the authors created a fictional corporation with simple guidelines. Although not their actual example, the following is similar: Qwerty Inc., a manufacturer of computer keyboards, has 200 employees and 100 shareholders. At the end of the year, Qwerty Inc. sold 1000 keyboards at $100 dollars each; therefore, the yearly income was $100,000. After labor, cost, taxes, and other charges, Qwerty’s profit is $2000 for the year. If the government adds a 10% corporate tax increase, Qwerty now owes an additional $200 in taxes. According to Boortz and Linder’s logic, Qwerty has several possibilities to balance the budget from the tax increase: the shareholders could see their dividends decrease, the price on the keyboards could be raised, some employees could be fired to save on cost, or employee benefits could decrease to cover the cost of the tax increase. This simple example demonstrates the current tax code’s consequences on the taxpayers (citizens and consumers) and introduces “the embedded
3) Molly sells her car, valued at $30,000, to her nephew Todd for $18,000. Molly has made a taxable gift.
Arlen is required by his divorce agreement to pay alimony of $2,000 a month and child support of $2,000 a month to his ex-wife Jane. What is the tax treatment of these two payments for Arlen and Jane?
There are two basic forms of taxation within the United States: progressive, where the effective tax rate increases as wealth or income increases, and regressive in which the effective tax rate goes up as wealth or income decreases.
Business taxes can have a huge impact on the profitability of businesses and the amount of business investment. Taxation is a very important factor in the financial investment decision-making process because a lower tax burden allows the company to lower prices or generate higher revenue, which can then be paid out in wages, salaries and/or dividends. Business taxes include, Federal Income Tax; a tax levied by a national government on annual income, Payroll Tax; a tax an employer withholds and/or pays on behalf of their employees based on the wage or salary of the employee, Unemployment Tax; a federal tax that is allocated to unemployment agencies to fund unemployment assistance for laid-off workers, and Sales Tax; a tax imposed by the government at the point of sale on retail goods and services. Sales tax is based on a percentage of the selling prices of the goods and services. Consumers pay sales taxes, but effectively, business pay them since the tax increases consumer’s costs and causes them to buy less.
For a corporation in 2012, the domestic production activities deduction is equal to 9% of the higher of (1) qualified production activities income or (2) taxable income. However, the deduction cannot exceed 50% of the W-2 wages related to qualified production activities income.
With the advancements in the globalization of the economy, corporations are finding more ways to avoid the extraordinary tax rates set in place of The United States Of America. With the loss of revenue from large companies dodging taxes the government must make up for the loss by either raising taxes or changing the tax code. A recent company to avoid american taxes is Johnson Controls, a company that “…would not exist as it is today but for American taxpayers, who paid $80 billion in 2008…”(The Editorial Board). This use of American resources to get through tough times, and run to another county during an economic incline is an act that calls for reform in the American tax system. However congress has not passed any legislation to fix the
A Health Savings Account (HSA) plan requires a high-deductible medical insurance policy, which means that the premiums on the policy will be less than for a low-deductible policy. The contributions to the HSA are deductible for AGI, which reduces the nondeductible amount of itemized deductions subject to certain limitations, and the taxpayer does not have to itemize to obtain the deduction. The HSA distributions pay for the deductible medical expenses and they are not included in gross income. Also, the income earned on the HSA is not included in gross income if it is used to pay medical expenses not covered by the high-deductible plan.
It is confusing who actually bears the burden of the corporate income tax. Ordinary people believe, incorrectly, that it is paid by corporations, while owners and managers of corporations often assume, just as incorrectly, that the tax is
1.Amounts not convertible into money :In Tennant v Smith (1892) free accommodation provided to a bank manager was held not to be ordinary income because building could not be sub-let and the benefit thereby converted to money. In FCT v Cooke & Sherden (1980) an incentive prize offered by a manufacturer was not income of the winning retailers because it was not transferable and so not convertible into money.
Domestically, corporate taxes are a significant expense to businesses, so much so that corporations pour massive resources toward acquiring the knowledge to take advantage of not only their local tax system, but also international ones, in order to preserve as much capital as possible. As businesses attempt to attain wealth, they mobilize towards lower-tax jurisdictions. Organizational planning is also affected, as uneven taxes on different types of business entities lead companies like Enron to form network webs of varying entities (Luna, LeAnn, and Murray 2008). Resource allocation to operating tax loopholes and allowances may be considered uneconomic, but is crucial for business survival. Domestic corporate tax rates are also inherently political; as each party has differing mandates towards tax revenue generation and allocation. Governments now must consider tax policy one of the major pieces to their platform. In Canada, the Conservative Party of Canada has stressed the importance of the corporate tax rate as a vital cog in maintaining the health of the economy. Over the last 4 years, the Conservative Party has decreased the net corporate tax rate by 2.5% with intention to lower it further to 15% effective January 1, 2012 (Canada Revenue Agency 2011).
Do parent companies that pay corporation tax at a zero rate mean that they are ‘exempt’ from payment of the tax in their State of the residence? If so, the application of Article 2(c) of Directive 90/435 would automatically mean that following provisions of the Directive do not affect this case, since Article 2(c) requires not only that the company be subject to corporation tax but also that it is not
people are arguing whether to revise the tax code for corporations who are avoiding taxes in the US, and there are both advantages and disadvantages about this topic.
The United States is in a recession; it has been facing some of the worse economic times since the Great Depression in the 1930’s. One option to fix the economy is to change the corporate tax rate. To lower it or to raise it, that is the question economists have been speculating. America's high corporate tax rate and worldwide system of taxation discourages U.S. companies from sending their foreign-source revenue home, which makes U.S. companies defenseless to foreign acquisition from the international opponents (Camp). Corporations and United States citizens have been fighting for a tax reform, which would hopefully help the American economy; either by lowering the corporate tax, or by raising the tax.