Computer Science And Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is the taking over of machines to do tasks that would normally require a human to do. The idea of artificial intelligence has been around for years, appearing in movies and television shows to show what the future might bring. Artificial intelligence is becoming closer to a reality and now society must question if it should have a role in society. Artificial intelligence has many flaws at the moment making it impractical for use until society can address the issues facing it like the loss of jobs and how to control the use of AI.

One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the

Artificial Intelligence may come in many forms, but for the purpose of this paper, I have adopted the definition from The Columbia Encyclopedia (2008), which states

Artificial intelligence is the development of a computer system that is able to perform tasks of human intelligence like visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. Computer scientists have made a substantial advancement in the

In the article Some Current Trends in Research of Intelligence, Imrich Ruisel examines three different concepts of intelligence before applying the ideas to artificial intelligence. As there is not a single set of ideas about intelligence, multiple theories and concepts need to be looked at in order to try and replicate intelligence into artificial intelligence. Ruisel breaks down intelligence into three categories: (one) a general intelligence represented by Spearman’s g factor and is based on biological differences accounting for differences in cognitive performance, (two) intelligence as it relates to behavior, and (three) intelligence is composed of a set of abilities and an individual’s total knowledge (Ruisel 2007). Each of these three concepts of intelligence provides different challenges in the task to create artificial intelligence. However, it is still important to consider different views of intelligence when looking at artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence cannot be understood or created unless all of the information about intelligence itself is known.

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has enabled human beings to design and develop intelligent entities which can shape their responses based on their perceptions of the environment. In the past 30 years, the cognitive capacity of the computers has increased manifold. Computers which could only perform basic functions three decades ago can today play chess, recognize human voice, understand images, process natural language and display many other abilities which require intelligence of varied sorts. In the future, the range of actions computers would be able to perform could only be imagined.

Technology has traditionally evolved as the result of human needs. Invention, when prized and rewarded, will invariably rise-up to meet the free market demands of society. It is in this realm that Artificial Intelligence research and the resultant expert systems have been forged.

AI researchers and textbooks define the field of artificial intelligence as "the study and design of intelligent agents" in which an intelligent agent is a system that imagine its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success.

One of the fastest growing areas in human civilization is technology, specifically computing systems and engineering. A field in computer science known as artificial intelligence is becoming more advanced and is excelling as technology expands. Artificial intelligence, often abbreviated as AI, is the creation and application of a machine to mimic and execute functions as a human brain can. AI is run by long lines code that operates the functions of the machine and databases to store information. The modern concept of AI originates from philosophers that tried to explain the processes and function of the human brain. The modern idea of AI was formed during a research proposal in 1956 at Dartmouth College(Zhongzhi 2). Since then, many researchers have attempted to understand and further the development of artificial intelligence. As research progresses, the use of AI will expand to many industries and areas of life.

In today’s society, computers and computer science play a large role in everyday life whether it be at work, at school or during personal time. In this paper the history of the computer, the science of them and its incorporation into school will be explored. The topic that the exploration will start with is the history of the Computer and computer science between 1936, starting with Alan Turing and his Universal Turing Machine, leading through Bell Laboratory and all the advances through and into present day. This will lead into the connection between the computer and education and how education was changed with the incorporation of computers. The final part explains the problems that has surrounded computers and the study of computer science since their creations and how the solutions were formed over the years and how they continue to change the face of computer science, like the first models being as large as small buildings or a more recent issue of the limited diversity of computer science. Without computers and computer science, schooling today would be very much different than it is today. Computers have an extensive history in education and the goal of this paper is to present that information.

Computer Science is not just the study of computer software and computational problems. It comprises the investigation of imitation and natural manifestations. The fundamental studies in this field are: computer system, artificial intelligence, data base system, programming languages, networks, software engineering, human computer interaction, graphs, and bioinformatics and computing theories. Even though, computer programming is a principal part of computer science, it is only one piece of the puzzle. Some of the challenges these scientists face are controlling on how and what type of issues that can be solved with algorithms and other complex mathematical equations, from designing a “wide range of life science applications that need to be addressed, ranging from classical bioinformatics to mathematical models of systems physiology” (Cannataro, Weber dos Santos, & Sundnes, 2010 p. 931), In both of these areas scientific fields are required to maintain governmental and state security regulations and measures. One cannot stress enough how much computer science has become an essential part of life sciences. With the use of computer science computer tools, people who years ago did not have a cure for their diseases, organ transplants, or disability, now are living longer today than they did over 5 or 6 decades ago. This paper analyzes three research papers on past and current issues that are

AI is the part of computer science concerned with designing intelligent computer systems, that is systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior—understanding language, learning, reasoning, solving problems and so on. Today’s AI sprung from the discipline commonly referred to Decision Support Systems, and as such, a true look at AI can not be conducted without first taking a look at its predecessors.

The 21st century has been driven by the advances of technology. Its applications span from the primitive audio players to the advanced robotics involving Artificial Intelligence. All this has happened only because of the continuous development of the modern technology. This rapidly advancing field of science attracted my interest and made me choose Computer Science as the major field of study in my Bachelor of Engineering.

Artificial intelligence is the field and also it is known as AI. It studies the computational agents which are acts intelligently. A computational agent decisions are about its actions and these can be explained by computations. It means decisions are implemented through a physical device. Computational agent takes many forms. When an agent is flexible to changing goals and its environments then that agent is computational agent. It cannot estimate the state of world directly. And it has finite memory and, Artificial intelligence not have much time to act. We want to build agents which are acts intelligently. Such intelligent agents are very useful in lot of applications. Intelligent

Therefore, when espousing the similarities between both machine and human intelligence, it is necessary to focus on the definition that relates to artificial intelligence, and which has human applications as well. Quite simply, the primary similarity between human and machine intelligence lies in the outcome of computing goals in the world which is the actual achievement of those goals. Both human and machine intelligence are essentially concerned with making the best choice for a particular circumstance. Quite often, such a choice is made by weighing a number of different factors which is the "computational part" of intelligence that is readily shared between people and machines. However, it is noteworthy to give