Cardiovascular Alterations: A Case Study

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an inherited disease that affects the cardiac muscle of the heart, causing the walls of the heart to thicken and become stiff. [1] On a cellular level, the sarcomere

As this disease progresses and the workload of the heart is consistently increased, ventricular hypertrophy occurs. At first, the hypertrophied heart muscles will increase contractility, thus increasing cardiac output; however, as hypertrophy of the ventricular myocardial cells continues, it begins to have poor contractility, requires more oxygen to perform, and has poor circulation from the coronary arteries. This can result in heart tissue ischemia and lead into cardiac dysrhythmias (Lewis et al. 2014, 768).

Explain in detail how the following systems adapt, in the short term, to exercise. Please also make brief comment about long term adaptation in each case

Pulse rate is at 72. The blood pressure was 140 / 95,which is suggestive of high blood pressure and related to his medical history. No heart murmur was noted, and no other abnormalities were noted.

TROPONINS – Markers of choice. Elevated between 4 and 6 hours after the onset of an acute MI and remains elevated for 8-12 days.

You need to explain to him the s/s of blood clotting (since he may have too low an INR d/t treatment and he needs to know this). Explain that his a-fib puts him at risk for blood clots.

History of cardiomyopathy. The most recent echocardiogram was done in 2014 showing improved ejection fraction at 55%. He feels asymptomatic, at this time. He did have recent testing with Dr. Dourdoufis. I will request those notes and review them when they arrive. He will certainly let myself or Dr. Dourdoufis know or seek care if necessary if his symptoms change acutely.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) can develop quickly, but most of the time it develops slowly over time. CHF develops as a result of other things that damage the heart. Common conditions are: untreated high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart attack, cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle), myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), endocarditis (infection of the inner lining of the heart

He had a disease called cardiovascular that disease it is called a heart attack it only happens when your blood clots and cuts of the blood flow to that part of your body. Where the blood will clot and you will most likely die.

Cardiac hypertrophy is the enlargement of the lower, ventricular walls of the heart. Most commonly occurring in the left ventricular side, cardiac hypertrophy can occur on one side or both. Characterized by abnormal heart muscle growth it can be a healthy response to pregnancy or exercise. However, an increase in heart size could also be a sign of hypertension, diabetes, muscular dystrophy, obesity, or cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophy of the heart can be adaptive or maladaptive, therefore the growth may not lead to an increase in cardiac output.

In the fall of 1961, minutes after competing in a 2-mile cross country race, a 14-year-old student was found dead. The student was in great health and ran up to 5 miles each day. An autopsy revealed that the young athlete had hypertrophy of the left ventricle due to the left coronary artery being encased between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. This anomaly, the number one cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, had reduced the blood flow to the left ventricle and caused the student to go into sudden cardiac arrest.

Gillyard was working out at the team’s Cecil B. Moore Avenue practice field and suddenly he fell and became unconscious. It was later discovered that he has a genetic condition called Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition that causes the heart muscle to slowly thicken and electrical impulses which signal the heart, to become irregular and abnormal. There is no specific age group that is most likely to experience this condition because it can occur at any age. It is also hard to prevent because

When dealing with a cardiovascular disorder, a child’s heart has to work harder in order for that child to be able to accomplish everyday tasks. Heart disease is not a major cause of death in children, but it is the number one cause of death among adults in the United States. It is silly, and even worse, sad to see a life taken away by a condition that could have been prevented.

long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000 Apr 13;342(15):1077–84.

Cardio myopathies are a group of diseases, which affect the myocardium of the heart (kumar and Clarke). They can be differentiated into groups with different characteristics: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and arrythmyogenic right ventricular hypertrophies (report of the 1995 WHO).