Bus 6050 Week 5 Research Paper

In the United States, smoking cigarettes is the number one preventable cause of morbidity and death (Bergen, 1999), and accounts for $300 Billion in health care costs and economic productivity loss (Jamal, 2015). While the national smoking rate is 16.8% (CDC, 2016), specific demographics are more susceptible to developing smoking habits: people who live below the poverty line (10.9% higher), disabled or with a limitation (6.2% higher), and males (4.7% higher) (Agaku, 2014).

The leading cause of death in the county is heart disease followed by cancer, and both of these can be linked to smoking or second-hand smoke exposure. Methods to move toward HP2020’s goal will involve encouraging and assisting smokers to quit. The Community Guide is a free resource to help guide communities to choose programs and policies for cessation. These programs are evidenced based, research-tested and include suggestions such as increasing the unit based price on tobacco products and how this would help to decrease use, increase the number of those who quit, decrease the number of those who try cigarettes the first time and decrease the tobacco related morbidity and mortality. The research suggest the improved health effects are proportional to the size of the price increase, also noted to be effective in prevention is mass reach communication or advertising regarding the dangers of smoking and also techniques for quitting (The Community guide, n.d.). Counseling is noted to be effective alone and with the use of medications and is available through programs like the toll-free quitline in South Carolina. Healthcare professional are urged to screen patients for use of tobacco and provide cessation information to all patients and also treatment strategies such as

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2013, there were 42.1 million people in the United States that smoked cigarettes. Smoking causes many diseases such as cancer, heart

Smoking affects all ages, young and old. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) statistics for the prevalence of smoking in adults in Colorado, aged 18+ years, is 16.0%, and the prevalence of smoking among the youth in Colorado, aged 12-17 years is 15.7%. Adult’s aged 35+ had a mortality rate of 237.6 per 100,000 during 2000-2004 that were linked to smoking. The prevalence of smoking among adults has slowed the last five years, due to interventions of workplace tobacco control and decreased exposure to secondhand smoke, but it did not meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives. The CDC performed a National Health Interview Survey

While most people are aware of how many health problems smoking brings, they continue to do so and they are stuck with the debilitating effects. Several different types of cancer are caused by smoking and lead to many deaths throughout the world, not just Oklahoma. According to a study done by researchers at the American Cancer Society, “Almost half the deaths (48.5%) from 12 types of cancer combined, are attributable to cigarette smoking (Simon).” Smoking causes substantially more negative effects than positive effects on the body and are huge health risks to the person smoking and others around them, and to protect ourselves, we need to ban these not just in Oklahoma, but throughout the nation.

The American Lung Association in its 2015 State of Tobacco Control has given Maryland the following grades: “F for Tobacco Prevention, A for Smokefree Air, D for Tobacco Taxes and D for Access to Cessation Services”. The following CDC data details what basic demographic information is behind these grades and details the characteristics, conditions, and processes of person, place and time of tobacco product usage in Maryland. The most troublesome of Maryland’s tobacco data is that “Among youth aged 12–17 years, 8.8% smoke in Maryland. The range across all states is 6.5% to 15.9% and Maryland ranks 6th among the states.” (CDC) Additionally, among adults aged 35+ years, “over 6,900 died as a result of tobacco use per year, on average, during 2000–2004. This represents a smoking-attributable mortality rate of 261.9/100,000.” Maryland's smoking-attributable mortality rate ranks 23rd amongst US states. (CDC)

Tobacco is thought to be one of the most widely abused addictive substances worldwide and while tobacco usage in the United States has appeared to have lessened in recent years, “it is still [noted as] one of the most common addictions” to cause a myriad of known health risks (Tyler, 2014). According to reports from the United States Census Bureau over the last 50 years, since the year 1964, smoking has led to the estimated deaths of over 19 million people, apprised to be around the size equivalent to that of the population of Florida, the third largest state (United States Census Bureau, 2004). The nicotine in tobacco products contains chemical agents that cause people to get hooked on smoking, creating an addiction that can negatively affect

The evaluated sociodemographics were sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic dark, Hispanic, and other), and age (9-14, 15-16, >/= 17y) (Persoskie, Donaldson, & King, 2016). The National Youth Tobacco Survey data was from the US middle and high school students who did pencil-and-paper, school-based, cross-sectional, and self-administered

“It’s good that they’re banning all types of smoking and not just cigarette smoking because now everyone is addicted to vaping and smoking e-cigarettes which still produces smoke that can be harmful for you,” said Kristalyn Mesa, a student at Broward

An estimated 36.5 million or 15.1 % of adults aged 18 years old and older currently smoke cigarettes and more than 16,000,000 have smoking or live with diseases that are related to smoking. According to US department of health and human services, over the past five decades, there is a significant decline in cigarette smoking in the U.S. The progress has slowed in recent years and the prevalence of use of other tobacco products such as vapes, e-cigars and smokeless tobacco

Since these communities often lack access to cessation resources, it is essential that cessation programs are available to these individuals and continue to provide quality services. Effective smoking cessation interventions can substantially reduce tobacco-related morbidity, mortality, and save millions of dollars from averted medical costs (Jamal et al., 2015; DOH, 2016). However, Alaska and North Dakota are currently the only states funding their tobacco control programs at the CDC-recommended levels (Jamal et al., 2015). Therefore, a greater focus should be placed on utilizing these limited resources responsibly through effective program

Tobacco usage remains the main preventable reason for loss of life and illness within the US, with almost 443,000 fatalities taking place yearly due to smoking cigarettes and contact with second-hand cigarette smoke (CDC, 2008). Furthermore, almost ninety percent of adult people who smoke start using cigarettes from age eighteen years (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).

While Sanders-Jackson et al., (2015a) examined the effects of televised warning statements, Villanti et al. (2015) focused on the impact of print advertisements. Villanti et al. (2015) conducted a randomized controlled trial in a national sample of young adults (ages 18-34) from an online panel survey in 2013. Possibly inspired by the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969 banning cigarette ads in the media, this article examined

Deaths caused by smoking have reached epidemic proportions. In the United States alone, 430,000 people die annually from smoking-related illnesses such as cancers and lung disease. Stephen Jay, chair of the Department of Public Health at Indiana University School of Medicine, states that tobacco’s “human toll far exceeds the Black Death of the 14th century, the global influenza pandemic of 1918–19, and the modern tragedy of HIV-AIDS.”

Tobacco products are made up of over four thousand dangerous chemicals including about two-hundred and fifty known chemicals (Braithwaite, Taylor,&Treadwell, 2009). According to the Center for Disease Control and prevention (1999) tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death and disease in America. On average, smokers die thirteen to fourteen years quicker than people who don’t smoke (Braithwaite et al. 2009). In the United Stated over twenty percent of deaths are from tobacco use. Additionally, over six-hundred thousand people die from secondhand smoke each year with one third being children(Action on smoking and health). Illnesses connected with tobacco use are cancer (bladder,esophagus,lung,mouth,throat), chronic lung and cardiovascular disease and reproductive problems (Braithwaite et al. 2009). The CDC reports show that there is an increase in “some day smokers,” nationwide. “Some day smokers” are smokers who report that they smoke only on some days. Research states that 24.0% of the adult population are “some day smokers.” For ages 18-24 year olds 28.7% are “some day smokers.” 18-24 year olds are at higher risk of being “some day smokers” than any other age group. When these statistics are broken down by education level, it shows that adults with a college education reported the highest currency of someday smoking (31.7%) (CDC, 4/2003).