Annotated Bibliography

A career action plan in applied behavior analysis will be important in speculating the kind of career to undertake once through with the studies. It can be an excellent tool for a student to develop to ensure swift absorption in the job market or to those wishing to start their own organizations (Cooper, 2007).

Source: McNamee, Abigail, and Mia Mercurio. "School-Wide Intervention in the Childhood Bullying Triangle." Childhood Education 5(2008):370. eLibrary. Web. 02 Feb. 2016.

This article focuses on experimental and applied behavior analysis. They begin their article with the history of how the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) began. The JEAB or Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) was receiving a quit a collection of new techniques and theories in both clinical and experimental. It was after this time and the JABA was made. There quickly became a divide between experimental and behavioral analysis.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has been used to promote learning and change of behavior using basic principles of behavior analysis. How might ABA be used in your own life? Provide at least one example.

The field of behavior analysis looks at the relationship between learning and behavior; specifically, how environmental factors affect behavior. (The role of) A behavior analyst analyzes and collects data on a behavior in order to understand it, looks for ways to describe this behavior so it can be accurately observed

The final article that I have chosen in discussing the topic of bullying in American Schools speaks on preventing bullying through positive behavioral interventions. The article addresses how bullying continues to be a growing public health concern in schools across the United States. It addresses how there are considerable gaps in the American understanding of effective approaches for addressing this seemingly intractable issue. It is important that we do not ignore the fact that bullying is a dangerous act that affects young individuals on a daily basis and there needs to be some form of action towards helping others that are experiencing any form of bullying. Through this article, it applies a public health approach to addressing bullying through the multitiered positive behavioral interventions and supports framework.

I concur with Brackett and Divecha's claim that public school anti-bullying programs in the United States are unable to support students who are physically and emotionally bullied. Two reasons why I agree with their claim is that these programs don’t always do as intended and can put children in a greater face of harm and that the anti-bullying programs could be vastly improved to be more effective. My first reason has two parts to it, the first part is that these programs are ineffective towards solving the bullying problems and the second part is that these programs put children at a greater risk of becoming a victim. There are many vocal opinions over the fact that these programs are ineffective. Some claim that these programs are ineffective

This study was designed to address the few existing evaluations of anti-bullying program effectiveness following the mandate of No Child Left Behind to address bullying in public schools within the United States. The targeted prevention program in this particular study was known as Bullyproof. Moreover, this study focused on three hypotheses including the prediction that, after Bullyproof was implemented, the occurrence of bullying (as reported via observation) would decline, there would be an increase in attitudes against bullying and feelings of being responsible for bullying, and attitudes in favor of bullying would decline.

First it is important to examine the effects that the APBA will have on ABS’ future. The creation of the APBA will have many negative affects on the field of behavioral analysis as a whole. Many behavior analysts believe that the Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI), which is comprised mainly of individuals whom have a primarily scholarly interest, is not as supportive of behavior analysts who participate dominantly in practice. This idea that the ABAI

Bullying is defined as a dynamic and repetitive and persistent patterns of verbal and / or non-verbal behaviors directed by one or more children on another child that are intended to deliberately inflict physical, verbal or emotional abuse in the presence of a real or perceived power differential (Selekman and Vessey). In other words, it is a group of people who directed an act to threaten, hurt or frighten that individual when he is unable to defend himself. The article outlined and covered the details of bullying – corresponding behaviors, place, time and reasons of bullying, what intervention works and does not work. It is thorough and analytical; clear and specific.

Applied Behavioral Analysis is a natural science that aims to systematically apply intervention processes using the behavior learning theory in order to remove or change undesirable socially significant behaviors (Cooper, Heron, Heward, 2007). Applied behavioral analysis can be applied in many setting and situations and the intervention process and techniques depend on those settings and individual situations. Applied behavioral analysis is used to modify target behaviors that can occur in

As mentioned in Choosing the Right Anti-Bullying Program, an effective anti-bullying program targets the entire school climate rather than just specific peer interactions. An effective bullying program employs supports and strategies at each level within the building- from individual students and classrooms to ant-bullying teams that combine educators and students. Supportive anti-programs isolate perpetrators by promoting a zero tolerance policy with regards to harassment and bullying. Finally of the most important, and often underrepresented, pieces of the anti-bullying puzzle focuses on school and home partnerships. If a policy helps educate the students about bullying, creates an environment where there is zero tolerance for it, shows the consequences for students who are involved and require parents and educators to remain firm on negative peer interaction then it will be an effective program. It will help prevent bullying and will decrease the number of students

Bullying, particularly within the schools, has been a significant concern since the 1990s widespread school violence. Bullying refers to deliberate individual actions to cause and repeat harm others while those being bullied are powerless in their defense. As a result, bullying in the school undermines positive relationships among students as well as academic performances. From this perspective, understanding the causes and reasons for bullying is critical in the implementation of coping mechanism targeting improved academic performance and health

According to Burgess, Garbarino, and Carlson (2006), research studies propose that bullying has negative short-term and long-term consequences for all individuals involved.There have been several studies completed that have demonstrated that there is significant

Reports indicate that every single day, over 160,000 American children are absent from school, due to a fear of being bullied (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2012). Conversely, between 15 and 20 percent of students have reported bullying other students (Seigle, 2012). Bullying can have distressing effects and outcomes for children that may be long-lasting. Any child who has been bullied or been a bully is at an increased risk to develop issues that affect his or her well-being and development. School bullying has been characterized as a problematic behavior that affects school achievement, prosocial skills, and psychological well-being of both the aggressor and the victim (Wang, Iannotti, & Nansel, 2009). Students that have been victimized by bullying may deal with negative effects on concentration and learning in school, and may refuse to attend school or avoid it altogether (Menard & Grotpeter, 2014). Previous research has found that peer victimization is negatively correlated with academic achievement with the link being greater for boys than for girls (Wang & Iannotti, 2012). Due to a lowered sense of self-efficacy, victims of bullying tend to have lower academic achievement then their peers and are more likely to be absent from school (Williams & Kennedy, 2012). Research has also found that students feel less safe and less satisfied with school life when bullying behavior and problems occur in the school and are not handled in an appropriate manner (Menard