Artificial Intelligence In Alex Garland's Ex Machina

When the earth began there was no life, it was a world of fire and oceans of lava, after thousands of year’s life began in the ocean and soon came onto land. The land creatures developed into dinosaurs which ruled the world for thousands of years until a meteor wiped them out and a great ice age came. Once the ice age ended monkeys came and from them humans. We have been around for two thousand years and now we have created artificial intelligence which is becoming more and more integrated into our ever increasingly complicated world to make it simpler but have humans also created the next cycle of evolution? The AI Revolution is on by Steven Levy is about Artificial intelligence (AI). Levy writes about how the AI came around and how it affects our daily life. Levy explains impeccably how its developers strayed away from imitating human intelligence, and how it is integrated into our society.

Turing, a physicalist, believed that artificial intelligence could be achieved in the future. Turing argued that the mind was merely due to the physical aspects of the brain and so a machine could one day be created that has a mind of its own, i.e. artificial intelligence. He created a test called the Turing Test to determine whether a machine has artificial intelligence. In the Turing Test, an interrogator asks two subjects a series of questions. One of the subjects is a person, the other is the computer. The goal is for the person to imitate a computer and the computer to imitate the person. If the interrogator is fooled into thinking that the computer is the human then the computer, according to Turing, is concluded to have the ability to think and thus, have a mind. Turing argued that machines passing the Turing Test were sufficient for ascribing thought.

The book Flowers For Algernon is about a 37-year-old man named Charlie who is not the sharpest bulb in the barrel. He couldn’t write or speak correctly, so he went to a night school for slow adults. Charlie was recommended for a surgery that would triple his IQ, but the scientists in the book didn't know if the surgery was permanent or not. The book was written in 1951, while the movie was made 49 years later in the 2000s. Since Flowers for Algernon is a fictional story, artificially enhanced intelligence isn’t a real thing yet. Science has come a long way from lobotomies and cocaine used for sodas and cough syrup. Now, scientists have already created a clone of a sheep named Dolly and selective breeding for fish. If scientists cannot better intelligence with a surgery, they might be able to do it with machinery. With science trying to better people's brains with machines or a surgery, some may ask if it is ethically correct.

To illustrate this point further point, consider The Deckard Question posed by the sci-fi noir, Blade Runner (1982). Deckard is an “intelligent” bounty hunter who must distinguish between humans and non-humans although both are indistinguishable, yet even the audience is never explicitly told whether Deckard is human himself. Between chat-bots and Deckard, a chat-bot would be declared as non-human well before one would question Deckard’s humanity, and it would be difficult to argue that Deckard is not genuinely intelligent even though we do not know whether he is, or is not, in possession of true understanding. Rachel, a replicant (AI) Deckard encounters within the film, resembles and responds to all input as a genuine human conceivably would. In fact, she exhibits such genuine understanding and behaviour that as much as we know she does not pass the Voight-Kampf test (the film’s equivalent to the Turing test), she is simultaneously indistinguishable from a human entity, and by extension, the human capabilities of mind. Even down to the nuances of a romantic relationship, Rachel can respond with a complexity

“Can a machine made by intelligent minds have an intelligent mind of its own?” This was the question that was being asked in the 1950s. A man by the name of Alan Turing decided to venture out and analyze this question for himself by coming up with a thought experiment in which he called the imitation game. This is a game that involves three players. One of each gender and one who plays the judge to determine the gender of players A and B. A’s job is to try and trick C-the judge-into guessing the wrong gender. If C guess incorrectly, then A passes wins the game, or passes the Turing Test. Now, if we were to imagine a machine to replace A’s position in the game and now the judge has to figure out who is human and who is machine. If the machine

As time goes on throughout the film, Caleb starts to believe that Ava might be telling the truth because of her expressive emotions, and as a result, Caleb begins to feel convinced that Ava's confinement is abusive and oppressive. This scene has a few interpretations behind it. First, this scene can be portrayed as Ava trying to deceive Caleb to her side in order to become liberated from the confinement of Nathan's patriarchal dominance towards her. Another interpretation behind this scene is that Ava is using her expressive emotions, passiveness, and dependency towards Caleb which in turn perpetuates patriarchal assumptions of female roles in popular culture through technology and media. According to Steinke where she references Signorelli, Steinke claims that images of women in popular culture and the media have improved but at the same time there are still patriarchal stereotypes toward females:

In the movie “Ex Machina” the director Alex Garland communicates with viewers that robots and humans can have relationships. Throughout the film the way robot, Ava, is portrayed is human like and she is able to build relationships with people. Alex Garland uses the way the camera is placed or way things are filmed to put emphasis on these interactions. The scholarly sources I used to compare the science fiction and real life examples are, Can Robots Manifest Personality?: An Empirical Test of Personality Recognition, Social Responses, by Kwan Min Lee and Social Presence in Human–Robot Interaction and Looking Forward to a “Robotic Society”? Notions of Future Human-Robot Relationships by Astrid Weiss. Scholarly

Finally, the last dimension is the patriarchal behavior. To the extent that both Nathan and Caleb have shown a great deal of patriarchy. Perhaps it is a scheme from the screenwriter. This arrangement will increase the degree of astonishment when seeing the ending because the viewers are circumscribed by the limited point of view. Before the last fifteen minutes, our viewpoint is from Nathan and Caleb, the male characters. Nathan’s obdurate, haughty manner infuriates everyone. Ironically, he creates the androids and craves for people to think they are real. But he is the person that disdains these robots. From the footages of Nathan with his machines, their interaction always ends brutally. For example, He invents a servant machine, Kyoko, but disables her ability of languages, so he could insult her freely. And he tears Ava’s drawing and makes former

As the end of Ex Machina nears, Ava manipulates all other main characters to conform to her plan of escaping, including Kyoko, another one of Nathans bots, designed as a maid. Ava then completely ignores all laws of robotics and murders a human, while also leaving another human locked in an office to die. In ways, this scene can be watched from a subconscious viewpoint, to show women standing up against the male, to fight for themselves, and how females can be more powerful than males. This future, as shown by Ex Machina, shows how humanity is on the brink of mass AI, and the lead brain behind this is a sex-crazed billionaire. Every bot Nathan had made up to the point in the film had been made with an intention of sex, and this shows the male mind and the portrayal of females.

The film also represents the borderlands in which cyborgs live in. The borderlands are the productive spaces that are intended for research and the building of knowledge. In Ex Machina, Nathan’s compound is the borderland. To be more specific, the borderland is the room that he confines his robot experiments to. As Caleb was watching the security footage of Nathan’s past experiments, he comes across a clip of one of the robots banging on the glass and asking why can’t she be released. Ava grew to hate Nathan because of the way he treated her and because she was confined to the one room in the house. During the Ava Sessions, Caleb goes down to the room and talks with Ava as part of the Turing test. Caleb and Ava talk through a translucent wall and never come into physical contact throughout the entire film. Caleb is conducting his research inside of Ava’s borderland. Ava’s permanent confinement and her realization that Nathan can and will switch her off whenever he sees fit, acts as the catalyst of her desire to escape. At one point in the film, Caleb is talking with Ava about Frank Jackson’s thought experiment titled Mary’s Room. Mary is a brilliant scientist, who specializes in color. She knows everything that there is to know about colors, except what it feels like to actually see color. Like Mary, Ava has never left her room. She is not allowed access throughout the inside of the compound or outside. Even though she has a lot of information about what the world is like, can she ever actually know about the world if she has never seen it? There is an extra piece of knowledge gained through experience and Ava is searching for this experience.

The most important part of our humanity is the brain, Mentally Disabled people think differently to the majority and are therefore put into a separate category to others. People existing in other realities are still human, the decisions they make and the way they think are still human. Robots imitating the human mind are perceived as mostly human. In a blind test an AI was voted 59.3 per cent human, while the humans themselves were rated just 63.3 per cent human. The question of our humanity is one that has befuddled philosophers and scientists alike for many years. But the problem exists where in the future, we will need to ask. Where does robot end and human begin?

In “Liar!,” Isaac Asimov presents a conundrum as it relates to artificial intelligence. In the story, the robot, Herbie, becomes mute and insane when confronted with a conflict that would violate one of Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics- namely the first law, where a robot cannot harm a human being. Herbie is a telepathic android that represents the superior intellect that many believe robots will have in the future. The standard way of thinking about artificial intelligence has it that its vast improvement over time will lead to it equaling and even surpassing human intelligence. However, in Kenneth Chang’s essay “Can Robots Become Conscious?,” he discusses the debate about whether or not androids will ever achieve the level of consciousness that human beings possess. Although scientists create robots that mimic people and simulate awareness, I claim that artificial intelligence will never violate Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics and usurp human intelligence, because robots are forever fettered by the limits of human capability and knowledge of themselves. We cannot create something that exceeds our knowledge. The possible consciousness of robots matters because we need to know whether or not to establish ethics for the future treatment of AI.

The Oscar-winner cinematographer Wally Pfister’s directorial debut, Transcendence unites Johnny Depp and Paul Bettany for the second time after The Tourist. While Cillian Murphy and the voice of reason, Morgan Freeman have small parts in the motion picture; Rebacca Hall plays the woman who changes the rules of the game. In this case the game is the way we live and perceive the life, and what Casters (Depp and Hall) are trying to do is to take it to the next level.

The company Honda has made a robot that they say is by far the most advanced one in the world today, they quote on quote have said" it is just like us." The robot has the ability to talk shake hands and perform the mechanical functions that an individual may have, yet in the end the robot was programmed to raise its arm and move it up and down when someone else does, so it mimics your moves and looks up the possible outcomes in its data base, this is NOT an example of a real human. A human has the ability to process the knowledge or what you have said to him or her and have his own opinion and bias towards the conversation or the activity that he or she is involved in, where as a robot just performs the task that it is given and programmed to do, if you were to insult the machine in any ways it would not talk back nor would it be hurt by your actions. Hondas robot just performs the tasks that it is programmed to do such as walk on black circular lines. What I am getting at is a machine just performs the tasks it is made to do with no regret bias or any feelings towards the function.

Humans and computers both originate from man whether it be biologically or mechanically. Both humans and computers A man can have a plethora of children and also build a computer. As both his Both computers and man are a creation of man. When faced with a problem, human and computers seem to come to a solution in similar ways. In both cases, information is “placed” in humans and computers by other humans. However, knowing information does not making a single being intelligence, understanding and using some of amount of cognition does. Searle, Newell and Simon agree that computers and artificial intelligence can be excellent tools to study cognition in humans. However, they disagree on the grounds of artificial intelligence having the capability to have cognitive function.