Artemia Franciscana and Preference Regarding the Effects of Light, Temperature, and pH.

This result was consistent with the other groups who tested out this question. They also got that the pill bugs preferred a dark environment. Furthermore, the data supports many studies that state that pill bugs prefer a dark and moist environment because that best replicates their natural habitat and provides for their needs. For example, one website claims that pill bugs will prefer the darkness and encourages the reader to test it. Another does multiple experiments on the pills bugs and in their experiment the pill bugs prefer the dark environment. After learning that pill bugs do not prefer light areas, I would want to test if there are other colored lights that attract them instead. An experiment can be done by keeping one chamber dark and using different colored lights such as red, green, or blue on the other side to see if it attracts any of the pill

The temperatures tested were 4°C, 30 °C, and 60°C. The optimal growth and prodigiosin production

The experiment focused on the fact that certain organisms are affected by light and will move depending on whether or not light is present. There were four organisms that were placed in a tray that was half lit and half dark. Euglena is a photosynthetic organism that uses light as a vital part of its existence. Euglena showed a significant preference for the light side over the dark side (X2 = 529, p<0.01) (Table 5). Phototaxis is an organism’s movement as a result of light (Urry et al. 2014). If an organism is attracted to light it is an example of positive phototaxis

1. Fischer studied if Daphnia magna had a positive or a negative phototactic response when expose to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). 2a. In this experiment the author manipulated the amount of UVR that the Daphnia were exposed to throughout the experiment. 2b.

All living things respond to stimuli, including animals. In our experiment, we tested how roly-polies, or pill bugs, respond to two types of material: wet sand and wet dirt. Pill bugs are isopods, a group of 10,000 species living on land and in fresh water and ocean. They are under the phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, containing both crabs and shrimp. Pill bugs generally live in dark, moist environments with the decaying matter they eat.

The experiment took place in a laboratory setting, and the first step was obtaining sixty individual Daphnia magna (that were neither adults nor tiny offspring) from a large tank in the lab. These individuals were equally divided into three groups; low density, medium density, and high density. The twenty Daphnia assigned to the low density group were split into four groups of five and pipetted into one of four tubes filled with 10mL of Chlamydomonas algae. The twenty Daphnia assigned to the medium density group were split into two groups of ten and placed into one of two tubes also filled up to 10mL with Chlamydomonas. The final twenty Daphnia were all placed into a single tube filled with 10mL of the algae. In order to avoid suffocation-related

These findings made it difficult to confirm or reject our original hypothesis because such a high percentage of every group had died in a matter of days. This trend included the brine shrimp deprived of light. Based on physical appearance of the few brine shrimp that lived through the third observation the group deprived of light seemed to be more active and quantitatively more than the other groups but the maturity level seemed to be less. In the colored shades the brine shrimp that lived while there were fewer seemed to have actually developed appendages and appeared to be more mature than that of the group with no

Dugesia spp., also known as planaria is a small flat dark brown worm of varying sizes around 0.3 – 2 cm long and 1 – 2 mm wide (Palmer and Fowler, 1975 as cited by Cha, 2001). Although they are small, they are hermaphroditic (Maule, 2006). The middle of the body is darker in color with tiny spots. The body consists of an arrow shaped head and a long unsegmented body that narrows as it reaches the posterior end (T. Huang, biology student, personal communications). Midway down the ventral side of its body, the pharynx is a tube-like structure that protrudes out for feeding (Cha, 2001). The body is smooth and stretches in contracting and expanding movements as the Dugesia spp. travels around a flat surface (T. Huang, biology student, personal communications). The two side parts of the arrow that extends out of its head are sensory organs, the auricles (Cha, 2001). The auricles help sense water currents so that the Dugesia spp. is aware of the direction of water flow (Kriska and Gyorgy, 2013). Dugesia spp. has tiny eyes called eyespots located on the dorsal side of its arrow head. The eyespots can detect light and are extremely sensitive to light (Cha, 2001).

Artemia sp. are widely used as first foods for larviculture of almost all marine fish species (Hache and Plante, 2011). On a large and industrial scale, similarly to intensive farming, species with reliably high culture performance, digestibility and high nutritional value is the objective. Artemia sp. have great potential because they are highly available; their dormant eggs “cysts” available year round. Their nutrient value can vary but with an enriched diet this can be improved (Leger, 1986). In this study the effects of nutrient availability on metabolism and reproductive state of Artemia Franciscana will

Based on graphical analysis isopods prefer dark and wet environments, however, the darkness being a more important aspect of their preferred environment. The behavior observed when the isopods were placed in different environments varied; some choose to stay stationary while others

Australian microalgal species maintained at least 30% protein, regardless of growth temperature, but at temperatures above 30 0C, the percentage of protein decreased by 5% to 17% dry weight, depending on species. One species, Chaetoceros sp. had consistently high percentages of protein ranging from 64.1–47.3% dry weight, even at high culture temperatures.

Rimicaris exoculata has evolved to have specialized eye structure that directs them to the food source. Over generations, R. exoculata have evolved from their visual ancestors that had eyes into complete absences of eyes among the species inhabiting the deep-sea hydrothermal vents (6). However, R. exoculata have extremely modified eyes that are formed from a single dorsal organ (6). The black-body radiation from the eruption of the hydrothermal vents can be considered as the only source of light in the deep sea. R. exoculata are only able to detect the black-body radiation through their single dorsal organ. The previous study has stated that R. exoculate are not able to determine any physiological responses to light because the lights of submersible

The results for the cold tolerance portion of the experiment showed that the number of pupae that were able to develop into adults after being exposed to 0°C for one day was significantly lower for the SP and TK strains (Parthenogenesis strains) than

water temperatures, salinity changes, water movement, and lighting, but in captivity they can prove to be very difficult to keep. In the ocean, they are the first to arrive at a reef and spread quickly.

The majority of the ocean waters receive little or no sunlight, yet light is still very important for the animals living in these deep-sea environments. Most deep-sea creatures have adapted to life in near darkness by producing “living light” through a chemical process known as bioluminescence. This ability to create and emit light improves the animal’s chances of survival and is used as camouflage, to communicate, to lure and detect prey, as protection from predators and to attract mates in the darkness of the deep