Unit 5 AP Psych (2)

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AP Psych Unit 7 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________. a. recognition; recall b. imagery; mnemonics c. rehearsal; retrieval d. retention; acquisition e. priming; relearning ____ 2. A modern information-processing model that views memories as emerging from particular activation patterns within neural networks is known as a. mnemonics. b. connectionism. c. the peg-word system. d. automatic processing. e. mood-congruent memory. ____ 3. After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory. a. echoic b. short-term c. flashbulb d. long-term e. implicit ____ 4. Every day as she walks to school, Mamie passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence? a. Such implicit memory is stored in the cerebellum, thus Mamie must have experienced damage to that brain region. b. Mamie has not paid attention to the incoming information so it was not encoded into long-term memory. c. Because of the time span between being exposed to the mural, the spacing effect has interrupted memory formation. d. The memory of the mural has decayed over time. e. Mamie is experiencing retroactive interference, leading to her forgetting past information. ____ 5. Automatic processing occurs without a. iconic memory. b. semantic encoding. c. conscious awareness. d. long-term potentiation. e. sensory memory.

____ 6. You are most likely to automatically encode information about a. politicians' names. b. friends' birthdays. c. new phone numbers. d. the sequence of your day's events. e. dates in a history book. ____ 7. The effortful processing of information a. typically interferes with the capacity to think creatively. b. cannot easily be suppressed and inhibited. c. can become automatic through practice. d. occurs less frequently among adults than children. e. takes place in the cerebellum. ____ 8. When first introduced to someone, Marcel effectively remembers the person's name by repeating it to himself several times. Marcel makes use of a strategy called a. chunking. b. automatic processing. c. mnemonics. d. the serial position effect. e. rehearsal. ____ 9. Which of the following is the best example of the testing effect? a. The studies that testing researchers conduct are more easily remembered than other studies. b. Most people cannot recall automatically encoded information under testing situations. c. Repeated quizzing of information increases the chances it will be recalled. d. Testing the same information over and over again decreases recall due to interference. e. Anxiety associated with testing situations increases recall due to mood-congruent memory. ____ 10. The day after Kirsten was introduced to 13 people at a business luncheon, she could recall the names of only the first 4 people to whom she had been introduced. Her effective recall of these particular names best illustrates the benefits of a. automatic processing. b. parallel processing. c. rehearsal. d. flashbulb memory. e. the serial position effect. ____ 11. Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates a. iconic memory. b. the spacing effect. c. implicit memory. d. a recency effect.

e. automatic processing ____ 12. Semantic encoding refers to the processing of a. sounds. b. meanings. c. visual images. d. unfamiliar units. e. touch sensations. ____ 13. The fact that our preconceived ideas contribute to our ability to process new information best illustrates the importance of a. the serial position effect. b. semantic encoding. c. retroactive interference. d. iconic memory. e. repression. ____ 14. Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of a. iconic memory. b. semantic encoding. c. rosy retrospection. d. the peg-word system. e. long-term potentiation. ____ 15. Your ability to immediately recognize the voice over the phone as your mother's illustrates the value of a. the spacing effect. b. implicit memory. c. acoustic encoding. d. chunking. e. state-dependent memory. ____ 16. Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ________ is to ________. a. implicit memory; explicit memory b. effortful processing; automatic processing c. the serial position effect; the spacing effect d. iconic memory; flashbulb memory e. meaning; imagery ____ 17. The self-reference effect best illustrates the value of a. semantic encoding. b. source amnesia. c. iconic memory. d. flashbulb memory. e. repression. ____ 18. We are more likely to remember the words “typewriter, cigarette, and fire” than the words “void, process, and inherent.” This best illustrates the value of

a. long-term potentiation. b. flashbulb memory. c. imagery. d. iconic memory. e. priming. ____ 19. Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best illustrates the use of a. the spacing effect. b. implicit memory. c. rosy retrospection. d. the peg-word system. e. serial position effect. ____ 20. Chunking refers to a. getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery. b. the organization of information into meaningful units. c. the unconscious encoding of incidental information. d. the tendency to recall best the first item in a list. e. the combined use of automatic and effortful processing to ensure the retention of unfamiliar information. ____ 21. The organization of information into meaningful units is called a. automatic processing. b. the spacing effect. c. chunking. d. iconic memory. e. the peg-word system. ____ 22. The letters Y, M, O, M, R, E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word “MEMORY.” This provides an illustration of a. chunking. b. the “peg-word” system. c. automatic processing. d. the spacing effect. e. the serial position effect. ____ 23. For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory. a. short-term b. iconic c. mood-congruent d. implicit e. echoic

____ 24. While your Mom is lecturing you about cleaning your room, you lose concentration. Then, suddenly you hear the significant words, “no car keys.” When she asks, “Are you listening to me?” you are able to repeat the last few things she said before mentioning car keys. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? a. Because you have heard the same lecture many times, rehearsal has caused it to be stored in long-term memory. b. Words stored in echoic memory will last for 3 to 4 seconds, so you can still recall her words. c. What your Mom said at the beginning and end of her lecture will be recalled because of the serial position effect. d. Because losing driving privileges is an emotional event, her words create a flashbulb memory. e. Hearing the words “car keys” leads to the priming of specific memories. ____ 25. Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as a. 1 second. b. 12 seconds. c. 1 minute. d. 12 minutes. e. 1 hour. ____ 26. Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information. a. 3 b. 7 c. 12 d. 24 e. 50 ____ 27. “The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory. a. short-term b. explicit c. flashbulb d. implicit e. sensory ____ 28. Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity? a. echoic memory b. short-term memory c. long-term memory d. iconic memory e. proactive memory ____ 29. Patients who have experienced brain damage may be unable to form new personal memories but are able to learn to do jigsaw puzzles, without awareness of having learned them. This suggests that a. explicit memories are stored in the cerebellum, which must not have been damaged.

b. long-term potentiation decreases our ability to store implicit memories. c. the system for creating explicit memory has been affected, not the implicit memory system. d. amnesia only disturbs recall of explicit memories. e. the cerebellum must have been damaged, hindering implicit memory formation. ____ 30. Many people retain their classically conditioned fears without any conscious recollection of how or when those fears were learned. This best illustrates ________ memory. a. implicit b. short-term c. sensory d. working e. state-dependent ____ 31. Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the a. hippocampus. b. cerebellum. c. hypothalamus. d. motor cortex. e. corpus callosum. ____ 32. Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory. a. short-term; long-term b. long-term; short-term c. implicit; explicit d. explicit; implicit e. iconic; echoic ____ 33. Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________. a. epinephrine; serotonin b. skill memory; fact memory c. automatic processing; effortful processing d. long-term memory; short-term memory e. hippocampus; cerebellum ____ 34. Which of the following offers the best explanation for infantile amnesia? a. The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature. b. The emotional reactivity of infants inhibits the process of encoding. c. The accumulation of life experiences disrupts the retrieval of early life events. d. Iconic memories last for less than a second in infants. e. Birth trauma prevents explicit encoding. ____ 35. Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________. a. recognition; relearning b. recall; recognition c. recall; relearning d. relearning; recall

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