WFD Week 3 Project Savannah Garrison

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1 Native Americans Savannah Garrison Department of Psychology, Keiser University INP3324: Workforce Diversity Professor Segers February 25 th , 2023

2 Native Americans Native American people have had a long and arduous run as a minority in the United States. While many are at least vaguely familiar with their history in this country, few realize how strong of an impact history still has on their population today. Most of the country still currently celebrates Thanksgiving, which is widely known as a day of mourning for Indigenous people. Despite having a rich culture full of tradition, Native Americans are still huge targets for discrimination, harassment, and cultural appropriation. Key Facts There are currently 574 tribes recognized by the federal government (Bell & Leopold, 2021). Being recognized federally provides the tribe with benefits such as the right to self- govern, and to receive funding from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (Bell & Leopold, 2021). Being able to self-govern means they have the power to exclude people from their territories, as well as enforce laws and taxes (Bell & Leopold, 2021). For individual people to be recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, they need to either have a tribal membership or have one-fourth of American Indian ancestry (Bell & Leopold, 2021). History Today, Native American people are highly likely to be from several racial backgrounds (Van Dam, 2023). This is because the United States focused on trying to force tribes to assimilate into Western culture (Van Dam, 2023). This included making their children go to American schools and requiring that everyone only speak English (Van Dam, 2023). Another piece of the assimilation was to attempt to force Native Americans to practice Christianity (Van Dam, 2023). Due to this, many Native traditions have been forgotten over time (Van Dam,

3 2023). In 1950-1960, the Voluntary Relocation Program terminated tribes and then sold the reservations after splitting up the land (Van Dam, 2023). Tribe members were then given a payment and a ticket to send them to other cities (Van Dam, 2023). Breaking up the reservations broke up the people themselves, which caused marriages and children to be born between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people (Van Dam, 2023). Native women are often victims of violence and experience higher infant mortality rates (Bell & Leopold, 2021). They are frequently victims of discrimination which has led to a high proportion of them living in poverty (Bell & Leopold, 2021). Native women also have an unfortunate history of having their children removed by social services for reasons that do not make sense (Bell & Leopold, 2021). Legislation Federally recognized tribes are granted the ability to self-govern, so many laws and regulations do not apply (Bell & Leopold, 2021). However, throughout history, there has been legislation passed that aided in the discrimination and poor treatment of Native Americans. The most infamous was the Indian Removal Act passed in 1830 by President Andrew Jackson (Bell & Leopold, 2021). This act forcibly removed tens of thousands of Indigenous people from their land in the southeast and relocated them to Arkansas and Oklahoma (Bell & Leopold, 2021). This turned into what is historically known as the Trail of Tears (Bell & Leopold, 2021). It was called this because the path the Native Americans had to take was dangerous and deadly. Thousands died either in concentration camps or along the route itself from its horrible conditions (Bell & Leopold, 2021). There have been a couple of other laws passed about Native Americans in the past. Some of these include the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act that gave Indians born in the U.S. citizenship,

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