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Political Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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27.1-2 Guided Reading 27.1 1. How did the Allies divide Germany at the Potsdam Conference? a. They divided Germany and Berlin into fourths. 2. Why were the Nuremberg trials important? What legal principle was established? a. The Nuremberg trials held high-ranking Nazis on trial in the German city of Nuremberg. They charged Nazis with crimes against humanity. Established principle that individuals must be held responsible for the government’s actions of committing war crimes. 3. For what purpose was the United Nations founded? a. It was an organization dedicated to resolving international conflicts. 4. Why were the Soviet Union and the United States at odds? a. Even thought they worked together during the war, afterwards, the Soviet Union decided that they wanted to spread Communism around the world. The US believed in capitalism and democracy. 5. What does the phrase Cold War mean? a. It described the struggle for global power between the US and the Soviet Union. 6. How did the Marshall Plan fit with the goals of the Truman Doctrine? a. The Truman Doctrine provided aid to other countries to fight communism and the Marshall Plan assisted European countries who needed financial aid to recover. 7. What happened to the American economy at the end of the war? a. The US economy stayed strong despite inflation and workers being out of jobs (in the beginning). 8. How do you think women who had been employed in good paying jobs during the war might have felt about the government’s request that they give up their jobs? a. They probably would have been mad because the second they get good opportunities for work; they have to give it up. Yes, it’s for a good cause, but it still must have been annoying. 9. How did Truman advance the civil rights movement? Why did his actions require an executive order to enforce? a. Truman established the Committee on Civil Rights so they could investigate discrimination. He wanted Congress to pass anti-lynching laws, outlaw segregation and protect civil rights, but Congress failed. He ended up issuing an executive order to end segregation in armed forces. 27.2 1. How did the Communists gain control over mainland China? a. The Nationalists and Communists had been having a Civil War, and the Communists won. The Nationalists fled to Taiwan. 2. What is the significance of the 38 th parallel? a. The Allies divided Korea at the 38 th parallel. The Soviet Union controlled northern Korea while the US controlled southern Korea. Neither one legitimately recognized the other. 3. Why was Truman determined to contain fighting between Chinese and UN forces within Korea?

a. He probably didn’t want this war to become as wide-spread as the last two. 4. Why did the Korean conflict end in a cease-fire? a. Because neither side could win; they were previously at a stalemate 5. What is the purpose of the HUAC? a. They investigated people who were thought to be undercover Communists. 6. What is McCarthyism? Why was Senator McCarthy able to accuse so many people? a. McCarthyism- the method of making aggressive accusations without proof b. He accused so many people because he instilled fear of Communism in the public. 7. Why did the US and the Soviet Union engage in an arms race? a. After the US made the first hydrogen bomb, the Soviet Union quickly followed, and both nations made more weapons to be better prepared if the other attacked. 8. Which policy provided more security for the US: containment or brinkmanship? Explain. a. While brinkmanship was slightly dangerous, the American people benefitted from the advancements it helped with (NASA and the CIA). Summary After reading these sections, identify the challenges or fears that Americans faced during the following times and explain how the government and individuals responded to these things. Challenge/Fear faced Gov’t/individual response Cold War Communism Eliminate all communism United Nations Palestine Mandate Divide into Arab and Jewish Post-War Social Issues in America (GI Bill, NATO, Segregation, etc.) Segregation Truman’s reelection Truman’s executive orders Fair Deal Korean War Communism vs Nationalism US takes south; Soviets take north McCarthy Era Communism McCarthyism Eisenhower Presidency Threat of Nuclear War Arms Race

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