HW8_Weber (1909-1920)_Sen (2008 [1997])

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Apr 3, 2024

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Weber (1909-1920) - The Bureaucratic Machine; What is Politics; The Types of Legitimate Domination (1) Respond by yourself: - What three justifications legitimate domination? Can you think of one example of each? - Legitimate domination, as conceptualized by Weber, encompasses three distinct justifications for the exercise of authority within societies. Traditional authority relies on entrenched customs and historical precedent to justify the legitimacy of rulership, often embodied in hereditary monarchies or tribal leadership structures. Charismatic authority , on the other hand, stems from the extraordinary personal qualities and magnetism of a leader, captivating followers through inspiration rather than institutional validation, as evidenced by figures like Nelson Mandela or Joan of Arc. Rational-legal authority , the predominant form in modern bureaucratic systems, derives its legitimacy from adherence to codified rules, laws, and established procedures, exemplified by democratic governments and corporate hierarchies where power is vested in roles rather than individuals. These three forms of legitimate domination represent diverse mechanisms through which authority is upheld within societies, reflecting the historical, personal, and institutional foundations upon which social order is constructed (Weber 1909- 1920:118). (2) Talk with your groupmates, then write your own, individual response: - What's the role of the bureaucrat or official? (Recall definition of state, p. 115) - In Weber's conceptualization, the bureaucrat or official plays a crucial role within the state apparatus. Weber defines the state as a human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory. Bureaucrats or officials are instrumental in upholding this monopoly by administering and implementing laws and policies on behalf of the state. They are responsible for the day-to-day functioning of governmental institutions, ensuring the smooth operation of public services, and enforcing regulations. Furthermore, bureaucrats play a pivotal role in translating the abstract will of the state into concrete actions and decisions. They often wield considerable authority within their respective spheres of influence, exercising discretion in interpreting and applying laws to specific cases. Thus, bureaucrats serve as the administrative backbone of the state, facilitating its governance and maintaining its authority over its subjects. (3) Ask your groupmates ONE question below, and write down each person's answer, with their name: - What's the relationship between bureaucracy and democracy? Zoya: The main difference between bureaucracy and democracy is that while bureaucracy holds legal-rational authority, democracy leans more towards citizen participation and representation. To further this, bureaucracy is the administrative system that supports the overall running and functioning of the government and democracy. These two functions come together in the

successful operations of the government and constantly interact with each other to operate prosperously. There are many arguments revolving around the power of the bureaucracy and how an uneven distribution of power can lead to conflicts within the existing democratic system regarding overall legitimacy. However, in summary, the bureaucracy and democratic systems differ in legal-rational authority but work in cooperation towards fundamentally sustaining the overall government system. Sen (2008 [1997]) - Human Rights and Asian Values (1) Respond by yourself: - What is the "Lee Hypothesis" (p. 171) - The "Lee Hypothesis," mentioned on page 171, is a concept proposed by the Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. This hypothesis suggests that there is a trade-off between economic development and political freedoms in some Asian countries. Lee Kuan Yew argued that prioritizing economic growth and stability over political freedoms was necessary for rapid economic progress, particularly in countries with diverse ethnic and religious populations. He contended that strong authoritarian governments were better suited to maintain social order and implement long-term development plans without being hindered by political dissent or instability. However, critics of the Lee Hypothesis argue that it overlooks the importance of political freedoms and human rights in fostering sustainable development and social well-being. They argue that economic progress should not come at the expense of basic rights and freedoms and that inclusive governance and respect for human rights are essential for long-term stability and prosperity. - What are "Asian Cultural Values," then? - "Asian Cultural Values" encompass a diverse array of beliefs and traditions shared among many societies across Asia. Collectivism, emphasizing the importance of community and social harmony over individual desires, is a common thread weaving through these cultures. Respect for authority and hierarchical structures, often rooted in Confucian principles, shapes social interactions and expectations. Filial piety, a cornerstone of many Asian societies, underscores the reverence for elders and familial obligations. Additionally, concepts such as harmony with nature and the significance of education and scholarship play significant roles in shaping Asian cultural identities. While these values provide a framework for understanding and navigating social dynamics, it's crucial to recognize the diversity within Asian cultures and the ongoing evolution of these values in response to changing social, economic, and political contexts. (2) Talk with your groupmates, then write your own, individual response: - Why does Sen correlate "Asia as a unit" with a "distinctly European perspective"? (p. 174)

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