20200518_PSCI_1422_Lab 4_Reflection_Refraction and Total Internal Reflection_Lab_Pokhrel Handout(2)

Den is doing an experiment with a laser light and these different objects. Laser Light Object 1 Object 2 Object 3 6 Ben knows that Object 1 reflects light. Which sentence describes the path the light will take when shined at Object 1? F. The light with bounce off in all directions. G. The light will be absorbed. H. The light will bounce off at a right angle. I. The light will pass through the other side.

Learning Goal: To learn and practice the geometry skills necessary for complex reflection setups. The law of reflection has the very simple form - Oreflected, Oincident - where incident is the angle between the normal and the incident ray and reflected is the angle between the normal and the reflected ray. Although the law itself is easy to use, many realistic situations involve successive reflections from multiple surfaces. The law of reflection does not become any more complicated in such cases, but the geometry of the rays does become complicated. Consider the case of light shining onto a mirror, which is attached to another mirror at some angle a, as shown in the figure (Figure 1). In this problem, we will find the angle at which light leaves the arrangement of two mirrors. Part A If the light strikes the first mirror at an angle 01, what is the reflected angle 02? Express your answer in terms of 0₁. VTI ΑΣΦ 0₂ = Submit Request Answer ?

1. Refractive Material The following are top-view diagrams of solid cylinders and cubes. Assume that light travels more slowly through the objects than through the surrounding medium. Each diagram shows a path for light that is not qualitatively correct; there is at least one flaw, perhaps more, in each diagram. Identify all flaws. Explain your reasoning. a. b. d.

The figure below show a slab made of three different materialS X, Y, and Z having refractive indices nx, ny, and nz respectively. The slab is immersed in water(n=1.333) and the light is incident upon its bottom surface. A. Rank the materials according to the refracted index of the materials, greatest first. B. Rank tge materials according to the speed of light in the material, fastest first. C. What would happend to the angle of y if material X and Y are swapped.

Optical fiber systems are used in communication system to transmit telephone signals, internet communication and cable television signals. Using the refractive index in Table 1, design a fiber optic for a multimode transmission. a) Define the incident angle and critical angle for each boundary. b) Sketch and describe the optical fiber structure. c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber communication system

Problem Description A laser beam travels from air (n=1) into glass (n=1.5) and then into gelatin. The incident ray makes a 58.0° angle with the normal as it enters the glass and a 36.4° angle with the normal as it enters the gelatin. Instructions In a neat and organized fashion, write out a solution which includes the following: 1. A sketch of the physical situation with all given physical quantities clearly labeled. 2. Draw a ray diagram showing all reflected and refracted rays in this situation and all angles clearly labeled. 3. Determine (a) the angle the refracted ray makes with the normal in the glass and (b) the index of refraction of the gelatin. Clearly show all steps, starting from generalized equations. Explain your mathematical work in words. Your explanation should cover both what you did and the thought process behind why you did that. 4. Evaluate your answer to determine whether it is reasonable or not. Consider all aspects of your answer (the numerical value, sign, and…

1. The refractive index of material A is greater than the refractive index of material B. A ray of light is incident on the interface between these two materials in a number of ways, as the drawings illustrate. The dashed lines denote the normals to the interfaces. Which one of the drawings shows a situation that is not possible? Explain your chosen answer. +++ # B Drawing 1 Drawing 2 Drawing 3

Which of the following best explain why rain clouds are dark? *   A. Rain clouds contain a lot of water droplets which absorb all the frequencies of light, and nothing reaches the observer’s eye. B. Rain clouds are dark because of the water in the cloud has a lot of atoms and molecules. C. Rain clouds contain a lot of water droplets which reflect all the frequencies of light. D. Light is reflected in the rain clouds; nothing reaches the observer’s eye   The dispersion of light when it passes through a prism shows that: *   A. the prism contains many narrow, equally spaced slits. B. all wavelengths have the same speed in a material. C. different wavelengths have different speeds in the material. D. the index of refraction is the same for all wavelengths.   What made Hertz think that electromagnetic waves are transmitted during his experiment? *   A. a spark was produced B. sound was produced C. a light was produced…

5. Use your observations of the patterns to predict which light ray - A, B, C, or D - would be more ikely to undergo total internal reflection for the following situations. Explain your answer. Situation 1 Situation 2 B n = 1.60 n = 1.50 n = 1.33 n = 1.91 D

Normal line Li= P S Z Ls Normal line B Le = 30° ● - Dot represents a pin Q Step 9 C Step 10 Calculations: 1. Using Snell's Law of Refraction calculate the index of refraction for the piece of glass from the experiment. 2. Calculate the speed of light inside the glass. 3. Use your index of refraction to find the angle of refraction that would be produced if light entered your glass at an angle of incidence of 60 degrees. Show all work.

air crystal Consider 2 rays of light inside of a clear crystal. Both rays are incident upon the crystal/air boundary at the same point with the angles indicated, and ray A is internally reflected. Here, take a = B= 30 degrees. Choose all of the following statements that are true: Select one or more: a. In order that the ray A is internally reflected, the index of refraction has to be anything greater than 2 9 b. The speed of the rays in the crystal is a bit slower than the speed of light O c. The speed of the rays in the crystal is a bit faster than the speed of light O d. Since A is internally reflected, B also must be internally reflected. e. The speed of the rays in the crystal is equal to the speed of light f. In order that the ray A is internally reflected, the index of refraction has to be anything greater than 1.15

Material MM C a- If the critical angle for total internal reflection is , what is n? b- For a light ray incident on a surface of MM from air, at incident angle = y, what is the reflection angle? And what is the refraction angle? c- For a light ray incident on the surface from MM, at angle to the normal, what is the angle of the out-going ray? Parameter values: 0, C (a) (b) (c) = 35.2 deg; y = 77.85 deg;

1) Listen Base your answer to the question on the diagram below, which represents a ray of monochromatic light (f = 5.09 x1014 hertz) in air incident on flint glass. Normal 35° Air Flint glass What happens to the light from the incident ray that is not refracted or absorbed? 1 It is reflected and converted to mechanical energy. 2. It is reflected, absorbed and some energy is lost. 3. It is all destroyed. 4. It is slowed down, dissolved and reflected.

5. Water droplet A light beam falls onto a spherical water droplet, is refracted into the droplet, reflected at the inner backside and leaves the droplet again after a second refraction. Calculate the entry angle for which the angle between incoming and outgoing beam is maximal. Refractive index for the light: 1.331.

1. Consider a light ray that transitions from a material with a higher index of refraction to a material with a lower index of refraction. a. Does this ray speed up or slow down? b. Does it bend toward the normal line or away from the normal line? (i.e. is 0₁ > 0₂ or 0₂ > 0₁?) 2. Do you get total internal reflection when the index of refraction for the second material is larger than the index of refraction for the first material or when it is smaller? (i.e. Do you need n₂>n₁ or n₂ < n₁?)

x 10:30 PHY 206 LAB Ray Trac... PDF - 221 KB Purpose The purpose of this activity is to use the 3 special rays to determine the images created by lenses. Introduction The purpose of ray tracing is to create a geometrical viewpoint of the creation of an optical image using the principles of ray (geometrical) optics. If done to scale, we can determine the properties of the image (size, position, real or virtual, etc.) created by different optical elements. While all rays from a given point on an object are focused by a lens to a unique point on the image, there are special rays whose properties are easy to remember and draw. For lenses, there are three special rays: a. A ray initially parallel to the axis refracts through the far focal point. b. A ray that enters the lens along a line through the near focal point emerges parallel to the axis. c. A ray through the center of the lens does not bend. Draw the object as an arrow with its base on the axis. Draw the three special rays from the…

6:50 ull E 5/17 & 5/18 SWYK: Reflection and... 4 of 4 A beam of light from a laser pen passed through the air and then through a glass plate. Which diagram accurately models this phenomenon? Use evidence and scientific reasoning to defend your claim. DIAGRAM A DIAGRAM B AIR GLASS AIR GLASS I 0 / 10000 Word Limit Review II !!!

1. The figure below shows a slab made of three different materials X, Y and Z having refractive indices nx, ny, and nz The slab is immersed in water (n=1.333) and the light is incident upon its bottom surface. a. Rank the materials according to the refractive index of the materials, greatest first.    b. Rank the materials according to the speed of light in the material, greatest/fastest first.    c. Discuss what would happen to the angle if material X and Y are swapped.    d. If α=70.0ˆ and θ=50.0ˆ , what is the refractive index of material Z?

What are the factors that affects the refraction of light? Why is it important to understand the speed of light in different mediums? Site 2 industrial applications of this concept.

12. Use the diagram to the right. If the speed of the light ray decreased as it crosses the boundary, then the path of the ray in the new medium will be most likely toward which point? Normal to boundary Incident a. W ray b. Х C. Y Boundary -Boundary d. z Normal to boundary

Monica was using different colored pieces of clear plastic for an art project Her little brother came and scattered the plastic all over the photograph of Name Name Class Date Name 20 the the image she was using as a guide. As she was cleaning up, she noticed that the image appeared differently behind certain colors of plastic. Why was this  A. Certain colors of light pass through, leaving everything else blank or invisible. B. Only the color matching the plastic can pass through, leaving everything else shades of black. C. Only the color matching the plastic can pass through, leaving everything else blank or invisible. D. All colors except the one that matches the plastic can pass through, leavng. that color black

QUESTION 8 A light beam in air hits a surface of swimming pool at an angle of 30 degrees (nair = 1.0003, "water = 1.333). a. At what angle is it refracted? b. If the light leaves the water and enters air, calculate the critical angle for the water. c. Calculate reflectivity of water.

rds O D This is called Total Internal Reflection # The light ray should be bend away from the normal back internally into the water. At the critical angle the behaviour suddenly changes and the totality of all light is reflected Complete the table below (use air as the bottom material) TOP Material Water Glass Mystery A Refractive index (n) 1.33 1.52 critical angle,0c/º English (U.S.) Text Predictions: On EXTER 48 41.139 16 sin,0c Q Search 0.743 2. What equation can be used to calculate the critical angle 0.657 U I 1. What effect does increasing the index of refraction have on the critical angle? 18 1/ sin 0c 1.35 1.52 = Table Styles (10 10

Parallel light rays cross interfaces from medium 1 into medium 2 and then into medium 3. What can we say about the relative sizes of the index of refraction of these media? a) n2 > n3 > n1 b) n2 > n1 > n3 c) n3 > n2 > n1 d) n3 > n1 > n2

a) Draw an equilateral prism and show the angle of minimum deviation. b) Write down the minimum deviation angle in terms of angles that light makes with the normal of the entrance and exit surfaces of the prism. (Use geometry) c) Write down the law of refraction to find n in terms of minimum deviation angle. D) How do we measure the angle of minimum deviation in a prism?

P6. Rainbow Assume that a light ray is refracted, then reflected, and then again refracted on a spherical drop of water, according to the figure. Determine the total deviation angle d of the ray as the function of the angle of incidence a. Make a plot of the graph of this function. Based on the previous calculation explain the for- mation of rainbow and calculate the angle of the arcs for different colors. (This is the angle at which the ob- server sees a certain color with respect to the incident ray coming from the Sun.) The index of refraction of water is nred = 1.331 for red light and nblue = 1.340 for blue light.

3 air 30° glass A ray of light strikes a piece of glass (n = 1.5), making an angle of 30° with the surface. What angle does the refracted ray make with the surface inside the glass? 35.3° 54.7° 30°