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Name VQ‘\Q‘;SQ C\JE\IO Q el Homework Questions for Physics and Reality Week 1 Due the week of February 12 Metric System Prefixes Table Useful Values Speed of light in a vacuum ¢ =3.0 x 10° m/s T “terra” IOO Gravitational constant G = 6.7 x 10" m’ kg™ s G “giga” 10 Re (Radius of Earth) = 6.4 x 10°m I A g ME (Mass of Earth) = 6.0 x 10** kg M mega 10. 17 =1 kg m¥s? k “kilo™ 10 1 mile = 1.61 km=1.61 X 10°m & “centi” 10° linch=2.54cm 5 1 foot = 12 inches m “milli” 10 1 light year (ly) = 9.5 X 10'5m [ “micro” 104, n “npano” IO_Q 3 212! P “pico™ 10 Useful Equations Speed and time d=vt d = distance, v = speed, = time Gamma factor y= ._17 v = velocity, ¢ = speed of light =z Time dilation and length contraction time elapsed for stati bj (time elapsed for moving object/observer) = ¢ pEee /| tznar‘y eblect/gnserver) length of stationary object (Ienythl)fmovlngab/cct)=( gthof > Y 2tact) Energy of a massive particle E=ymc? m = rest mass of object, ¢ = speed of light
{ 1. The Vast Universe ‘ eaTE TEY ) o 1A. Astronomers often use units of light years to express the vast distances between stars and | 2563 < \( | galaxies. A light yeans defined as the distance that light (in a vacuum) travels in one year, which is equal I\WFM each of the following report or calculate the size/distance in units of lightyear: 2 UxI0 X 5% 10%) LA. (i) The distance to Voyager 1: the most distant human-made objec fl 10"°4m. (45%0%) 8 pn ; Bulaadoe B 200100 4163 —ZG x [0 M TS x WS 1A. (ii) The distance to Sagittarius A*, the black hole in the center of our galaxy: 2.4 x 102°m. 20 e i 4 2 %l Py fzsé - 10 % 1012 1A. (iii)) The distagggq Andromeda: our galactic neighbor: 2.5 Mly. 7 6 2.5 10| 1B. Plot the distances from part A on the logarithmic scale provided in Figure 1 below. Be sure to label the major ticks on the axis first, then plot and label the points. a \) C. | : y J e 02 Bigls 0 Topiiok 1% 103 o 5168 o° Ntk e ey T W Figure 1. A logarithmic scale of distances 1C. Would you be able to plot your own distance from Earth on the plot above (that is 0 m since you are on Earth)? Explain why or why not in one sentence No becose 15 1o Passib\? o p\o*’ 0O o @ \(\9 Sule. 2. Relativity and the Fundamental Limit of the Speed of Light 2A. Consider the set of spaceships flying by an asteroid, as shown in Figure 2 (next page). Motion of each spaceship relative to the asteroid (which is not changing speed or direction) is designated by the corresponding arrow. All spaceships are moving at a constant speed and do not change direction. The length of the arrow indicates the magnitude of the speed of the spaceship: for example, spaceship A is traveling in the same direction as spaceship B, but about twice as fast. e eec————— T T T ]
Figure 2. Diagram of an asteroid, and objects flying near it. Objects are not to scale, but the arrows indicate speed and direction of each object relative to the asteroid, P 9 with longer arrows implying 3 ks E faster speeds. A asteroid 2A. (i) Which, if any, of the spaceships can validly claim to be at rest? Explain your answer _choice in 1-2 sentences. ( /\‘ All spaceships can claim to be at rest. B2 None of the spaceships can claim to be at rest. > Only spaceships B and E may claim to be at rest. “>d_ The answer cannot be determined from the information provided. There ore not 2 prspactives gem\ Cmsldfil"’j hat ol ashonaots congant velochy ndhi6n - This meons Jicechion “aF spacehs mgkien 2A. (ii) Select the largest group of ships that would agree on the speed of the asteroid. —'b\p Explain your answer choice in 1-2 sentences. Aand B Band E B,Cand E & A, B, C, D, and E (all five spaceships will agree on the speed) All spaceships will disagree on the speed of the asterond 5\60\6 \WLS& 3 bove Y gc\y\e sascecj bc Cast the Grrow levfl‘h« For 1\~L<E 3 2A. (iii) Spaceship A sends messages the olher spaceships using flashes of light from a beacon on its tip. Assume all four other ships can see the light flashes from this beacon. Select the largest group of ships that would agree on the speed of a flash of light from spaceship A. Explain your answer choice in 1-2 scntcnces AandB The g{)((’{ ;i\ ~ Band E r ool e 93 OP{)‘V B,Cand E “’\(l 5(( A, B, C, D, and E (all five spaceships will agree on the speed) % All spaceships will disagree on the speed of a flash of light are 0 g *’\’, SaNe€ - dwg Y\U\' C\’\C\‘\f}t/ ‘(V(’L’\fli"\j
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