Lab Report

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Texas Tech University *

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MISC

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab Report #1: Electric Fields Ava Anderson, Haley Nachreiner, and Isabella Cabrera Martinez Introduction In this experiment we explored the concepts of electric fields and electric potential. To measure the electric field, we measured the applied electric potential between two points. We used that information to find the magnitude and direction of the electric at specific points and mapped the electric fields. Every charged particle has an electric field that surrounds it, it is represented by the following equation: E=F/q. The direction of the electric field is dependent on the sign of the electric force, if its positive the direction points outward, and if its negative in points inward. Electric potential energy is caused by charges that exert force on other charges. 𝐸 = ∆ 𝑉 /d. When we mapped the electric fields, we also drew the equipotential lines which exist where there is so change in voltage between points. Experiment #1: Electric Field of Two Parallel Plates This experiment was based on using the power supply connected to the voltage probe to test for the distribution of voltages across the plane of two parallel plates with the goal of identifying equipotential lines. Such lines are identified through observing a pattern of similar voltage values across the map. Figure 1.1 depicts the data plotted (equipotential lines) to determine the electric field

Figure 1.2 Shows the precise data retrieved from the lab Table 1 Points Voltage ΔV Δd Electric Field= ΔV/ Δd (8,16) 9.81 - - - (8,14) 9.84 0.03 2 0.015 (8,11) 9.83 0.01 3 0.003 (8,9) 9.81 0.02 2 0.01 (8,7) 9.82 0.01 2 0.05 - - - - - (11,15) 7.25 - - (11,13) 7.2 0.05 2 0.025 (11,10) 7.25 0.05 3 0.016

(11,8) 7.3 0.05 2 0.025 (11,6) 7.2 0.1 2 0.05 - - - - - (13,16) 5.6 - (13,14) 5.6 0 2 0 (13,11) 5.6 0 3 0 (13,10) 5.58 0.02 1 0.02 - - - - - Central Symmetry Line of Each Configuration The value of the electric field falls almost at a constant level, considering minimal differences within the decimals, this demonstrates how the uniformity works for this configuration of parallel plates. If a charge was to be dropped on this line, it will move. For example, it is appreciated that between #26 and #27 – from image 1.2- even though it is in the same line, there is a variation in the voltage a “drastic” change but then on the following one (#28) the voltage goes back to 9.8, belonging to the equipotential line formed with #26, #30, #32, #34. This occurs because of the movement of the particle relative to the field’s direction. The charge of a particle moves along the electric field from a place of more potential to one of less, like it was seen on the map, from left to right, 9.7 to 0.9 respectively. Parallel plate distribution If a charge were to be placed in the middle of the plates, there isn't a possibility of a curved pathway because the charge moves accordingly to the uniformity amongst the field. Since we are observing the presence of parallel plates, there is no space for curved path movement within these particles. To move a 1 Coulomb charge by 2cm along one of the equipotential lines, the formula W=q ΔV , must be used. That stated within a same equipotential line the change in voltage is 0, making the energy/work required to move the charge also 0. In this case the distance is irrelevant because one is referring to a single line. No work is required. The range for the electric field is around 0.0125 [(0.25+0)/2], taken that (E) multiplied by q (1 coulomb) and 2 as d (for distance), it stands at a value of around 0.025J. Formula : W=qEd Experiment #2: Electric Field of an Electric Dipole This portion of the lab relied on a power supply connected to voltage probes to measure the electric field created by dipole charges. The voltage probes were used to identify equipotential lines in the field. Error! Filename not specified. Figure 2.1 Equipotential lines plotted for dipole charges

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