egoism and its limits practice quiz 8 & quiz 8

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University of Houston, Victoria *

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4322

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Philosophy

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Apr 3, 2024

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Question 1 3.85 / 3.85 pts The ego is the foundation of moral choices, so the more ego, the better. True False Question 2 3.85 / 3.85 pts Whereas traditional morality emphasized duties to others, modern individualism is more receptive to self-interests and independence. True False Question 3 0 / 3.85 pts Match the terms with their proper definitions. Psychological egoism Ethical egoism

The psychological objection to psychological egoism The evidential objection to psychological egoism The semantic rejoinder to psychological egoism Question 4 3.85 / 3.85 pts Psychological egoists say that there is no altruism because people obviously act in their own best interests. True False Question 5 3.85 / 3.85 pts Ayn Rand says it is unnatural and unhealthy for people to take care of themselves first. True False Question 6

3.85 / 3.85 pts Traditional morality was unnaturally perfectionist and had little tolerance for self-interest. True False Question 7 3.85 / 3.85 pts A self-interested action is a selfish action. True False Question 8 3.85 / 3.85 pts The primary function of morality is to facilitate self-serving ambitions. True False

Question 9 3.84 / 3.84 pts Social Darwinians are correct to believe that civilization evolved in order to produce economic competitors that can win in the marketplace. True False Question 10 3.84 / 3.84 pts The so-called progress produced by natural selection yields ... whatever can survive by any means the fastest competitor the strongest competitor the most productive competitor Question 11 3.84 / 3.84 pts

Ethical egoism implies that one should respect the rights of others to serve their own interests. True False Question 12 3.84 / 3.84 pts If everyone just looked out for themselves without regard for others, everyone would be better off. True False Question 13 3.84 / 3.84 pts The fundamental task of ethics is to reconcile ... individual interests and the interests of society the world's religions the nations of the world

the tension between goods and duties 1. Why is ego a morally ambiguous (good but possibly bad) feature of personality? On the one hand, one must develop an ego in order to become intentionally self-controlled. On the other hand, ego-centrism is the greatest threat to moral commitments, as implied by the negative connotations of "egoistical," not to mention self-centered and selfish. Like fire, which is useful when controlled but dangerous when out of control, having an ego is both a moral necessity and a moral liability. Indeed, on this point Aristotle's theory of virtue earns its keep: ego health is a mean between too much ego (being selfish) and too little ego (lacking self- possession). 2. How does Aristotle’s doctrine of the Golden Mean explain how self and ego can be either virtues or vices? Healthy selfhood and egohood are a matter of balance. If selfhood is the conscious or unconscious concept of oneself as a person relating to others, egohood is the capacity to make decisions and act on them. Egohood is one's sense of self as an agent, an actor on the world state. Selfhood reflects how one

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