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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University *
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440
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Mechanical Engineering
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Apr 3, 2024
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3.3 Assignment: Subsystem Hazard Analysis (SHA)
My Name
College of Aeronautics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautics University
SUBSYSTEM HAZARD ANALYSIS
1. Loss of System Pressure
Cause:
Malfunctions in the bleed air and Auxiliary Power Unit systems may cause issues in pressurization for an aircraft.
Effects:
Effects may lead to operating failures in de-icing and air conditioning, as well as pressurization systems, which may cause substantial depressurization in the aircraft cabin.
RAC: 1D
Recommended Controls:
1. Engineers need to implement redundancies in case one system fails. This is to ensure that risks
are properly prevented or deterred.
2. Develop comprehensive maintenance intervals that include quality checks completed by certified engineers.
3. Ensure oxygen supply is sufficient, certified, and regulated for certain aircraft models.
Controlled RAC: 2D
Standards:
- 14 CFR 23.1438: Pressurization and Pneumatic Systems (Govino, 2016)
- ARPA4754A – Guidelines for the development of civil aircraft and systems (SAE International,
2010)
2. Contamination
Cause:
Occurrences of improper filtration and progressing bleed air contaminants may cause toxic fumes in aircraft bleed air systems.
Effects:
Onboard passengers are exposed to harmful air/gasses that may have high toxicity levels
and result in adverse health symptoms.
RAC: 3D
Recommended Controls:
1. Conduct proper and frequent cleaning/replacement procedures for air ducts, filtration systems, and bleed air components concerning the engine.
2. Install both high-energy particulate air and carbon-based gas-phase absorption filtration systems.
3. Alternative use of environmental control systems.
Controlled
RAC: 3E
Standards
:
- 14 CFR 25.831 Ventilation (Michaelis, 2018)
4. Bleed Air Leakage
Cause: Uncontrolled loss of bleed air due to ruptured air ducts and failure in the engine compressor.
Effects:
Direct effects of leakage would cause aircraft structures to lose structural integrity, various aircraft components to overheat, and an in-flight fire.
RAC: 1C
Recommended Controls:
1. Conduct regular inspections of the engine and valves to ensure the bleed air systems and their redundancies maintain good conditions and are working within safe limits.
2. Execute the bleed air leak detection systems, bleed air monitoring systems, and overheat detectors to warn against excessive temperatures.
3. Establish training programs to develop comprehensive knowledge for proper emergency decision-making and completion of maintenance inspections.
Controlled RAC: 1E
Standards
:
- 14 CFR 23.111 – Turbine engine bleed air system (GovInfo, 2005)
- 14 CFR 33.66 Bleed air system, 2020)
- ARP1796 – Engine Bleed Air Systems for Aircraft (SAI Global, 2015)
5. Corrosion
Cause:
Prolonged stress on the system or structure may result in corrosion.
Severe changes in environmental conditions and situations of material incompatibility are
also contributory causes.
Effects: Corrosion at the ducts or valves can cause failures and leakages to the bleed air system. Corrosive attacks aggravated by erosion may also result in structural failure.
RAC: 1C
Recommended Controls:
1. Frequent use of non-destructive inspection methods at ducts and valves for possible identification of cracks or fatigue developed by corrosion.
2. Implement corrosion inhibitor sealants or coatings to the metallic structures of the bleed air ducts and valves.
Controlled RAC: 1D
Standards:
- 14 CFR 135.415 Service difficulty reports (GovInfo, 2008)
- AC 43-4B – Corrosion Control for Aircraft (FAA, 2018)
Risk Assessment and Recommendations
Hazard 1: Contaminated Bleed Air
Risk Assessment:
The risk is assessed as Controlled Critical (B) due to potential health and safety risks.
Recommendation:
Implement and strictly adhere to rigorous maintenance and inspection protocols for the aircraft's engines to prevent engine leaks and contaminants from entering the bleed air system. Enhance contamination detection and filtration systems. Regular training of maintenance personnel in identifying and addressing engine leaks is essential.
Hazard 2: Bleed Air Leaks
Risk Assessment:
The risk is assessed as Controlled Marginal (C) because of the risk of cabin pressurization loss.
Recommendation:
Regular inspections of bleed air system components, including ducts and connections. Maintain a robust maintenance schedule for repair and replacement of ducts to prevent leaks. Implement stringent quality control measures during manufacturing and assembly of these components. Crew members should receive thorough training in recognizing and addressing potential leaks during pre-flight checks.
These recommendations aim to reduce the identified risks associated with these hazards in the aircraft's bleed air system. Proper maintenance, redundancy in critical systems, and continuous training are crucial aspects of risk mitigation in aviation.
6. Inadequate Anti-Icing/De-Icing
Cause: Equipment malfunction, Human error.
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