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CASE Eastman Kodak, often simply referred to as Kodak, was a multinational company thatproduced camera-related products. It was a dominant player in the photographic filmmarket for most of the 20th century. However, the Company struggled with the rapidtransition to digital photography in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Despite inventingthe first digital camera, Kodak failed to embrace this new technology fully andinstead continued to focus on traditional film products.As the Company’s profits and market share began to decline, Kodak initiated severalrounds of downsizing to cut costs. From the mid-1990s onwards, Kodak startedreducing its workforce drastically. In 1988, the Company had 145,300 employees. By2007, the number had shrunk to 24,400.In the short term, the downsizing helped Kodak stay afloat, but it wasn’t enough tocompensate for the Company’s strategic missteps. Kodak’s financial conditioncontinued to worsen, and in 2012, the Company filed for bankruptcy.The Company emerged…

Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag-carrier of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PIA was founded on October 23, 1946 as Orient Airways based in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. In 1955, Orient Airways was nationalized and merged with other airlines to form ‘Pakistan International Airlines.’ In the decades from the 1950s to the 1970s, PIA was ranked amongst the best airlines in the world. This was acclaimed to be the golden era for Pakistan International Airlines when it provided administrative and technical support to many other airlines, including Emirates. Some of the aviation records set by PIA pilots in yesteryear still stand to this day.   Today, PIA is wracked by many administrative and human resource related problems notably corruption, inefficiency, favoritism, nepotism and overstaffing. Safety has also become a major concern after numerous scandals relating to the qualifications of PIA personnel, the EU ban, and the recent crash in Karachi in May,…

Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag-carrier of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PIA was founded on October 23, 1946 as Orient Airways based in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. In 1955, Orient Airways was nationalized and merged with other airlines to form ‘Pakistan International Airlines.’ In the decades from the 1950s to the 1970s, PIA was ranked amongst the best airlines in the world. This was acclaimed to be the golden era for Pakistan International Airlines when it provided administrative and technical support to many other airlines, including Emirates. Some of the aviation records set by PIA pilots in yesteryear still stand to this day.   Today, PIA is wracked by many administrative and human resource related problems notably corruption, inefficiency, favoritism, nepotism and overstaffing. Safety has also become a major concern after numerous scandals relating to the qualifications of PIA personnel, the EU ban, and the recent crash in Karachi in May,…

Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag-carrier of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PIA was founded on October 23, 1946 as Orient Airways based in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. In 1955, Orient Airways was nationalized and merged with other airlines to form ‘Pakistan International Airlines.’ In the decades from the 1950s to the 1970s, PIA was ranked amongst the best airlines in the world. This was acclaimed to be the golden era for Pakistan International Airlines when it provided administrative and technical support to many other airlines, including Emirates. Some of the aviation records set by PIA pilots in yesteryear still stand to this day.   Today, PIA is wracked by many administrative and human resource related problems notably corruption, inefficiency, favoritism, nepotism and overstaffing. Safety has also become a major concern after numerous scandals relating to the qualifications of PIA personnel, the EU ban, and the recent crash in Karachi in May,…

Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag-carrier of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PIA was founded on October 23, 1946 as Orient Airways based in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. In 1955, Orient Airways was nationalized and merged with other airlines to form ‘Pakistan International Airlines.’ In the decades from the 1950s to the 1970s, PIA was ranked amongst the best airlines in the world. This was acclaimed to be the golden era for Pakistan International Airlines when it provided administrative and technical support to many other airlines, including Emirates. Some of the aviation records set by PIA pilots in yesteryear still stand to this day.   Today, PIA is wracked by many administrative and human resource related problems notably corruption, inefficiency, favoritism, nepotism and overstaffing. Safety has also become a major concern after numerous scandals relating to the qualifications of PIA personnel, the EU ban, and the recent crash in Karachi in May,…

Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag-carrier of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PIA was founded on October 23, 1946 as Orient Airways based in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. In 1955, Orient Airways was nationalized and merged with other airlines to form ‘Pakistan International Airlines.’ In the decades from the 1950s to the 1970s, PIA was ranked amongst the best airlines in the world. This was acclaimed to be the golden era for Pakistan International Airlines when it provided administrative and technical support to many other airlines, including Emirates. Some of the aviation records set by PIA pilots in yesteryear still stand to this day.   Today, PIA is wracked by many administrative and human resource related problems notably corruption, inefficiency, favoritism, nepotism and overstaffing. Safety has also become a major concern after numerous scandals relating to the qualifications of PIA personnel, the EU ban, and the recent crash in Karachi in May,…

Splash Corporation exports and markets Splash products to almost twenty countries around the world. In Indonesia, unlike the rest of the company’s market destinations, Splash entered into a joint venture with an Indonesian company, Parit Padang. By itself, Parit Padang is one of the largest pharmaceutical and health-care distribution companies in Indonesia. The joint venture, called Splash Indonesia PT, began operating in 2000, importing Splash soap and skin-care products every month from Manila. The venture now produces some of its products locally in Indonesia, employing a staff of 40 there in its factory. Splash Indonesia PT has even developed a new product for the local market, the SkinWhite Whitening Bath Soap. This product blends innovative ingredients and technology from the Philippines with a fine Indonesian noodle soap, creating a whitening body soap of a seemingly better quality than other local soaps. Splash recently launched the Splash Nutraceutical Corporation. The…

Japan, the world’s third-biggest grocery market, remains a difficult country to make money from as international retailers Walmart® and Carrefour have found out. Walmart has not done great in Japan with its presence since 2002 through Seiyu. When Carrefour had entered Japan in 2000, it had made huge claims on revolutionizing retailing in the country. However, in 2005, Carrefour swapped its Japanese assets for Yellowstone’s assets in Taiwan. In September 2011, Yellowstone, the British supermarket group and the world’s third-biggest retailer announced its exit from Japan after 8 years in the country. In the event, Yellowstone became the latest in a long list of foreign retailers to exit from Japan. Seven & I Holdings® and Aeon® dominate Japan. Even British drugstore chain Boots pulled out of Japan owing to increased competition and deflation. Additionally, Japan’s Byzantine distribution system of closely-knit web of suppliers and consumers’ fickle taste is the reason behind many…

Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag carrier of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PIA was founded on October 23, 1946, as Orient Airways based in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. In 1955, Orient Airways was nationalized and merged with other airlines to form ‘Pakistan International Airlines.’ In the decades from the 1950s to the 1970s, PIA was ranked amongst the best airlines in the world. This was acclaimed to be the golden era for Pakistan International Airlines when it provided administrative and technical support to many other airlines, including Emirates. Some of the aviation records set by PIA pilots in yesteryear still stand to this day. Today, PIA is wracked by many administrative and human resource-related problems notably corruption, inefficiency, favoritism, nepotism, and overstaffing. Safety has also become a major concern after numerous scandals relating to the qualifications of PIA personnel, the EU ban, and the recent crash in Karachi in May 2020,…

Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag carrier of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PIA was founded on October 23, 1946, as Orient Airways based in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. In 1955, Orient Airways was nationalized and merged with other airlines to form ‘Pakistan International Airlines.’ In the decades from the 1950s to the 1970s, PIA was ranked amongst the best airlines in the world. This was acclaimed to be the golden era for Pakistan International Airlines when it provided administrative and technical support to many other airlines, including Emirates. Some of the aviation records set by PIA pilots in yesteryear still stand to this day. Today, PIA is wracked by many administrative and human resource-related problems notably corruption, inefficiency, favoritism, nepotism, and overstaffing. Safety has also become a major concern after numerous scandals relating to the qualifications of PIA personnel, the EU ban, and the recent crash in Karachi in May 2020…

Toyota and GM created a joint venture called NUMMI because Toyota wanted to learn about how to deal with labor and parts suppliers in the U.S. market while GM wanted to observe Japanese management practices. Discuss how can incompatibility issues be avoided?

Malaysian based IHH Healthcare Berhad is Asia’s largest private healthcare group. Its portfolio of brands include Pantai, Gleneagles and Prince Court. The company operates in multiple Asian countries including Singapore, India and China and it has presence in Central and Eastern Europe as well. In March this year, IHH had proposed to acquire Ramsay Sime Darby Sdn Bhd for RM5.67 billion but the company later announced in early September that the bid has failed. Use Resource Based View to rationalize how the planned acquisition could improve IHH’s competitiveness in the healthcare industry.

Unibic India: From Fastest Growing Niche Cookie Brand to a Challenger?In 2007, Lighthouse Funds acquired a 25% stake in Unibic from Unibic Australia for Rs. 200 million. In 2010, Unibic Australia started making losses and wanted to withdraw from the Indian market. At that time, Unibicoperated solely in the premium, high-margin cookies segment in India, with a share of around 8%. It had a market presence primarily in south India and was exporting to the Middle East and Hong Kong. It had strategicalliances to make cookies for various private players. However, it was not yet making profits and was cashstrapped... Over the next few years, Unibic grew rapidly. Its growth was primarily fueled by the changes sweeping through the Indian biscuit industry, wherein glucose biscuits that had dominated the market, gradually lost out to cream biscuits and cookies. The reasons for the shift included rising disposable incomes leading to an increase in consumption of premium biscuits; a larger number…

Unibic India: From Fastest Growing Niche Cookie Brand to a Challenger?In 2007, Lighthouse Funds acquired a 25% stake in Unibic from Unibic Australia for Rs. 200 million. In 2010, Unibic Australia started making losses and wanted to withdraw from the Indian market. At that time, Unibicoperated solely in the premium, high-margin cookies segment in India, with a share of around 8%. It had a market presence primarily in south India and was exporting to the Middle East and Hong Kong. It had strategicalliances to make cookies for various private players. However, it was not yet making profits and was cashstrapped... Over the next few years, Unibic grew rapidly. Its growth was primarily fueled by the changes sweeping through the Indian biscuit industry, wherein glucose biscuits that had dominated the market, gradually lost out to cream biscuits and cookies. The reasons for the shift included rising disposable incomes leading to an increase in consumption of premium biscuits; a larger number…

Unibic India: From Fastest Growing Niche Cookie Brand to a Challenger?In 2007, Lighthouse Funds acquired a 25% stake in Unibic from Unibic Australia for Rs. 200 million. In 2010, Unibic Australia started making losses and wanted to withdraw from the Indian market. At that time, Unibic operated solely in the premium, high-margin cookies segment in India, with a share of around 8%. It had a market presence primarily in south India and was exporting to the Middle East and Hong Kong. It had strategic alliances to make cookies for various private players. However, it was not yet making profits and was cash-strapped...Over the next few years, Unibic grew rapidly. Its growth was primarily fueled by the changes sweeping through the Indian biscuit industry, wherein glucose biscuits that had dominated the market, gradually lost out to cream biscuits and cookies. The reasons for the shift included rising disposable incomes leading to an increase in consumption of premium biscuits; a larger number…

Amazon purchased Whole Foods. How will this transaction affect Aldi as it seeks to expand its presence in the United States? What competitive actions might Aldi take in response to Amazon’s purchase of Whole Foods?

Pataka Tea Co., Ltd. (PT) - Reassessing the External Environment Pataka Tea Co., Ltd. (PT), founded in 1998, operated eight tea brands through the integration of production and sales. PT produced green tea, black tea, and scented tea, covering three grades: high-end, mid-end and low-end. Due to the regional characteristics of consumer tea products, PT, the number one tea company in Port of Spain, still faced difficulties in expanding its national market. Due to increasing and intensified competition, PT’s overall sales growth was weak, both in Port of Spain and in the national market outside Port of Spain.  In June 2018, PT enlisted the consulting services of SSSL Business Management Co. Ltd. (SSSL). According to SSSL’s research report, PT’s development bottleneck was caused by an out of-focus operation. SSSL suggested that PT focus on the brand and market, and on selling high-end green tea in Trinidad. However, great uncertainties surrounded the sales of high-end green tea, and it was…

BOIL plc is a petroleum company established in 1968 by the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union (AU). It engages in exploration, production, and distribution of petroleum products. The company has three subsidiaries, including a Bulk Oil Company (BDC), an upstream subsidiary, and a major supplier of bitumen. The African Union owns 34.23% of the company's shares, and the company is listed on three stock exchanges in Africa. BOIL has a nine-member board of directors, and its headquarters is based in Accra, Ghana, with three regional offices. The company operates two business models in the marketing and distribution of petroleum products, and it has a payment app called BoMoney, which is being redesigned to include cross-border payment capabilities and interoperability. The company aims to establish itself in every African country and continue to expand its operations in the upstream sector and improve its digital payment system. i) With the aid of a diagram…

Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959. After succeeding in the automobile industry in Eastern Asia since 1949, Honda started to expand its business by registering as a corporation in different parts of the world resulting in huge growth in the vehicle segment. However, it struggled to establish their corporation in many countries as they were unable to comply with the rules and regulation of the country. Honda thereafter took up separate methods of operation to expand worldwide. One of the key market eyed by Honda in Asia was India but India proved to be a difficult destination for Honda to enter and hence, the company opted to proceed with a joint venture plan.Initially, the company tried to reach an agreement with Bajaj Auto Ltd thereafter concluding a deal with the Hero Group. Honda's entry plan for India's two wheeler market was divided into two segments. Firstly, the joint venture with the Ludhiana based Munial family's Hero group for motor cycles,…

Audi Profile, History and Status Quo: In 1910, the first Audi car was produced in Zwickau, Saxony. In 1932, Audi merged with three other Saxony car manufacturers (DKW, Horch and Wan- derer) to form the Auto Union AG. The four rings in Audi’s logo have their origin in this merger. The company produced cars under the four original brands but production under the Audi brand was stopped in 1940. After World War II, the former production sites of Auto Union were in the Soviet occupation zone and the company was expropriated. Creation of the Company: in Ingolstadt In 1949, the former managers of Auto Union recreated the company in Ingolstadt in Bavaria in West Germany. Production began again with the four ring logo but under the brand DKW. In 1958/1959, Daimler-Benz acquired 100 per cent of Auto Union, which in 1965 was sold to the Volkswagen Group to which it still belongs today. In 1965, the company also switched from two-stroke engines to the modern four-stroke engines, a move that was…

Kenya Airways is the flag carrier airline of Kenya, based in Nairobi. It started operations on 4 February 1977, and operatesscheduled services throughout Africa and to Europe and the Indian subcontinent, with its main base at Jomo KenyattaInternational Airport (JKIA), Nairobi. The airline was established after the break-up of the first East African Community andthe consequent demise of East African Airways and was wholly owned by the Kenyan government until April 1996.In 1996, shares were floated to the public, and the airline started trading on the Nairobi Stock Exchange. In October 2004,the company cross-listed its shares on the Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchange. In April 2004, the company re-introducedKenya Airways Cargo as a brand and in July 2004, the company's domestic subsidiary Flamingo Airlines was re-absorbed.In March 2006, Kenya Airways won the 'African Airline of the Year' Award for 2005, for the fifth time in seven years. OnSeptember 4, 2007, SkyTeam, the second-largest airline…

This case explores the globalization of BMW, Rolls-Royce, and the MINI. Bayerische Motoren Werke, otherwise known as BMW, dates back to 1916. Today, BMW has more than 125,000 employees and revenues of about $103 billion. With its reputation for streamlined luxury design and performance, BMW sells about 2.4 million vehicles every year. In addition to automobiles, BMW also produces motorcycles and aircraft engines. BMW’s portfolio includes the BMW brand along with Rolls-Royce and MINI. Innovation has long been at the forefront of BMW’s strategy to be a leader in the luxury car industry. The company focuses on bringing new features to all of its models and builds on innovations used in its racing program to develop vehicles offering the perfect combination of sporty performance and breath-taking design that live up to the reputation of BMW being synonymous with “driving pleasure.” BMW’s Rolls-Royce brand, considered to be the most exclusive luxury brand in the world, has a long history of…

Microsoft Acquires Skype In 2011. Microsoft purchased the online telecom company, Skype, to improve the video and voice communication capabilities of its Office products. In addition to gaining access to Skype's 107 million users, who were, on average, connected for over 100 minutes per month, the deal kept the platform away from rivals Google and Facebook.   Microsoft knew that its business clients would benefit from Skype's friendly user-interface and sophisticated tools and features. However, the company currently had the homegrown Lync product in its portfolio, which was designed to integrate with Outlook and serve as clients' primary communications platform.   Because of the redundancy of the two brands, Microsoft ultimately decided to eliminate the Lync brand and rebrand the tool's properties as Skype for Business. This allowed them to take advantage of the Skype brand's familiarity among consumers.   Lync users could enjoy the same features they were used to but with the sleeker…

This case explores the globalization of BMW, Rolls-Royce, and the MINI. Bayerische Motoren Werke, otherwise known as BMW, dates back to 1916. Today, BMW has more than 125,000 employees and revenues of about $103 billion. With its reputation for streamlined luxury design and performance, BMW sells about 2.4 million vehicles every year. In addition to automobiles, BMW also produces motorcycles and aircraft engines. BMW’s portfolio includes the BMW brand along with Rolls-Royce and MINI. Innovation has long been at the forefront of BMW’s strategy to be a leader in the luxury car industry. The company focuses on bringing new features to all of its models and builds on innovations used in its racing program to develop vehicles offering the perfect combination of sporty performance and breath-taking design that live up to the reputation of BMW being synonymous with “driving pleasure.” BMW’s Rolls-Royce brand, considered to be the most exclusive luxury brand in the world, has a long history of…

In July 2014 Italy's Ferrero – maker of Nutella chocolate spread and Ferrero Rocher chocolates – purchased Turkey's largest hazelnut company, Oltan Gida. Ferrero's acquisition of Oltan Gida was viewed as an attempt to secure the company's supply of hazelnuts for use in its products. Why it Vertical integration?

Evaluate the various aspects that SMC Ltd may consider when extending a CSR strategy from home to host countries in the below extract. SMC ltd is a subsidiary of the Swedish-based Andvik Group, which operates in 130 countries. SMC is a major supplier and marketer of underground mechanized mining products to the mining and major infrastructure sector. Locally, SMC is run strategically by a board that is mainly non-executive and includes managing director and country manager, Jim Tolley.SMC’s outstanding performance over the last six years is based on a strategy of improving customers’ operational efficiencies and profitability through the development of high-tech engineering products. SMC boasts an average global increase of 6% sales growth and an average 17% return on capital employed. SMC plans to double in size over the next five years. ‘We make it possible’, is SMC’s slogan.SMC is a service-orientated organization that prioritizes listening to clients’ needs to ensure that products…

Alpha Animation and Toys Ltd is wholly owned subsidiary of Alpha (Guangdong Alpha Animation and Culture Co., Ltd), one of the largest and most successful animation, toy and entertainment groups in Asia. Established in 1993, Alpha Group Co., Ltd. (Alpha), has grown into one of China’s largest and most successful animation and entertainment groups. Alpha has grown by leaps and bounds and established itself as a pioneer in the toy and entertainment industries globally.  With the headquarters in Guangzhou, China, Alpha Animation and Toys LTD now have offices in Korea, Latin America, Europe (France and Netherlands), United Kingdom and United States of America, where our global hub for Design and Marketing is based. Backed with digital and television content, Alpha owns a number of exciting and strong brands, targeting children of all ages. Brands such as Screechers Wild, Drone Force, Wave Races, Miximals and top Pre-School line globally, Super Wings, Alpha Animation and Toys have…

Malaysian based IHH Healthcare Berhad is Asia’s largest private healthcare group. Its portfolio of brands include Pantai, Gleneagles and Prince Court. The company operates in multiple Asian countries including Singapore, India and China and it has presence in Central and Eastern Europe as well. In March this year, IHH had proposed to acquire Ramsay Sime Darby Sdn Bhd for RM5.67 billion but the company later announced in early September that the bid has failed.   QUESTION 1 (CLO2: Acquire relevant knowledge on factors related to and that had impacts on how business organizations function and operate in Asia) Use Porter’s 5-Forces model to analyze IHH’s competitive standing in Malaysia’s healthcare industry.

In enacting the FCPA, Congress intended to restore public confidence in the integrity of American businesses. Is this realistic, or does the FCPA merely handicap U.S. businesses in international trade?

Jay, from Canada, and Cage, from Australia, have created a joint venture to mine gold in Australia.  What reasons could Jay provide to its investors to support its choice of a joint venture as an entry strategy into Australia?  What might be the potential issues?

BeeCell’s Customer Acquisition Strategy The Irish telecommunications market was deregulated in 2004. Up to the time of deregulation, VCOM was the only telecommunications service provider operating in the Irish market. It was state owned company that enjoyed a monopoly prior to the market being deregulated. With deregulation, the market was opened to competition. One competitor that immediately entered the Irish market was BeeCell. When BeeCell decided to enter the Irish market, it knew that it would have faced stiff competition from VCOM. However, BeeCell like VCOM had the capability to provide a full range of telecommunication solutions to the market through its data, mobile, Internet and voice products to both business and consumer markets in Ireland. But rather than seeking to go for a head-to-head competition with VCOM in multiply segments, BeeCell decided to look for a segment of the market telecommunication market that was under served. This segment consisted of Call Centres,…

BeeCell’s Customer Acquisition Strategy The Irish telecommunications market was deregulated in 2004. Up to the time of deregulation, VCOM was the only telecommunications service provider operating in the Irish market. It was state owned company that enjoyed a monopoly prior to the market being deregulated. With deregulation, the market was opened to competition. One competitor that immediately entered the Irish market was BeeCell. When BeeCell decided to enter the Irish market, it knew that it would have faced stiff competition from VCOM. However, BeeCell like VCOM had the capability to provide a full range of telecommunication solutions to the market through its data, mobile, Internet and voice products to both business and consumer markets in Ireland. But rather than seeking to go for a head-to-head competition with VCOM in multiply segments, BeeCell decided to look for a segment of the market telecommunication market that was under served. This segment consisted of Call Centres,…

South Africa’s Shoprite Holdings Ltd posted $10.27 million gain from the sale of its assets in Uganda, Madagascar and Nigeria as Africa’s largest fast-moving consumer goods retailer retreated from markets it has considered under-performing on the continent. The retailer, which is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and cross-listed on the Namibian and Zambian Stock exchanges, revealed through its financial statements for the 53 weeks ended July 4 that its operations in Uganda and Madagascar which it had classified as “assets held for sale” yielded a combined net gain of $8.85 million, but declined to disclose the value for each transaction.French franchise Carrefour is set to take over the stores of Shoprite Checkers when the South African giant completes its exit from the Uganda market. The Carrefour franchise in Uganda is operated by the United Arab Emirates based Majid Al Futtaim Group, which announced in a press statement that it had agreed the lease transfer of…

Explain how gross income of interest or royalty income shall be deemed to be Malaysiansourced. Please give explanation with example

Explain the distinction between import and export. What are each's promises and risks?

Wal Mart leaves South Korea In May 2006, Wal-Mart announced that it had agreed to sell all sixteen of its South Korean stores to its biggest competitor there.                     Shinsegae.                                                                                                     Wal-Mart is not the only outsider that fared poorly in South Korea. The French retailer Carrefour, the second largest retailer worldwide after Wal-Mart, sold its 32 South Korean stores a month earlier. Wal-Mart arrived in Korea in 1998 by taking a majority stake in four supermarkets and six plots of land. It left Korea after grabbing a 3.8 percent market share and two years of huge losses. Wal-Mart aimed to become one of Korea’s three largest discount retailers. Wal-Mart and Carrefour faced an uphill climb against local retailers. Both Wal-Mart and Carrefour were slow in broadening the scope of their operations. With a network of only sixteen stores (and just one in Seoul, Korea’s capital), Wal-Mart…