Protestant Reformation Questions

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State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota *

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Apr 3, 2024

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1. The Roman Catholic Church had been very successful for more than a thousand years. What complaints did people begin to have against the Church? The Catholic Church has been criticized for its handling of abuse complaints when it became known that some bishops had shielded accused priests, transferring them to other pastoral assignments where some continued to commit sexual offences. Another complaint by the people is that they were criticized for its active efforts to influence political decisions, such as the Church's promotion of certain politicians where in fact, church must be separated from the activities by the politics as it was written in the constitution. There were also some complaints that the Catholic Church are making money out from the offerings and donations that was received from the people. Instead of putting it to the church charity, foundations, and other church related projects, they spend it with their personal needs and wants such as buying luxury cars, spending too much money for a vacation. 2. Who were the first two priests who brought criticism against the Church? What were their complaints and how were they punished? The first two priests to publicly criticize the church were John Wycliffe and Jan Hus . Wycliffe an English Priest preached against papal taxation and the special authority of the clergy. In response to his challenge to transubstantiation of the Latin Bible into English, Wycliffe was forbidden to teach. Jan Hus agreed with Wycliffe and was burned at the stake in 1415 as a result. 3. Who was the third priest who brought complaints against the Church? What Bible verses did he read which changed his thinking? The third priest who brought significant complaints against the Roman Catholic Church was Martin Luther. The German theologian and monk Luther was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century . Luther’s turning point came while he was reading the Bible and came across significant passages that had a significant impact on his way of thinking. One crucial verse was Romans 1:17. 4. What did Luther do in 1517 and how was he punished? (Please note that this is the date of the start of the Protestant Reformation.) In 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on the door of the castle church of Wittenberg. Tensions between Luther and the Roman Catholic Church grew as a result of his deeds and the thoughts that followed. Luther was called to the Diet if Worms, a significant Holy Roman Empire parliament, in 1521. There, he refused to recant his views stating “He I stand; I can do no other. God help me.” In response Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. 5. Who supported Luther during this dangerous period, and what did he do in his
spare time? He received the support and was hidden by the prince of his region, Frederick III of Saxony. During this period of refuge, he translated the entire Bible into German. 6. In looking at the slide, “What’s important to Protestants,” which two items listed would be the most important to you and why? Importance of faith because I believe it’s important to have trust in God, and the guidance of the bible because I believe that the bible is important and should be the foundation of all Christian beliefs and activities. 7. Which of the three major forms of Protestantism (Calvinism, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism) was started because a certain king wanted a divorce? Please look up and tell this story. It’s in your textbook. The form of Protestantism that was influenced by a king’s desire for a divorce is Anglicanism. The Roman Catholic Church objected to King Henry VIII of England's attempt to end his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. In response, Henry VIII began the English Reformation, which led to the establishment of the Church of England, now known as Anglicanism. The Act of Supremacy, which established the king's right to revoke his own will, recognized the English monarch as the ultimate head of the Church of England in 1534. This break from the Roman Catholic Church was caused by political and personal motives rather than doctrinal issues. 8. In response to the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church did change a few things. What were these changes? • The Council of Trent set up a uniform seminary system for the training of priests. • New religious orders came into existence to defend and spread Catholic teaching. • The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) made a lasting contribution through their establishment of high schools and colleges for the training of young Catholics. • Because of the protestant challenges to biblical interpretation, the Catholic Church stressed discipline and centralized authority. • The First Vatican Council (1870) declared that the pope is infallible when he speaks officially on doctrine and morals.
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