Copy of Unit 4_ Sea-Based Empires Graphic Organizer 2019

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Name:_______________________________________________ Date:___________ Period:_______ Unit 4: Sea-Based Empires Comparison 1450-1750 Spain Portugal Government Explain the process of state building and expansion. How did they build and manage their empires? Who was in charge? What type of govt? representatives of the Spanish monarchy in the Spanish empire. To ensure that the viceroy colonies would not rebel against the king, the king established courts to oversee the viceroy's management of the Spanish colonies in America. Portugal's empire structure made it possible for the tiny country's to have multiple ports throughout the world without needing to support big populations or areas of territory Navy and weapons. Trading Posts and/or Colonies Established Philippines: Manila Americas: Aztec, Incan territory's, present day New Mexico, and Florida Indian ocean: Hormuz, Goa, and Malacca Americas: Brazil Africa: Swahili coast and central west Africa Technological Innovations What technologies did this empire utilize or develop to establish and maintain their sea- based empire? A caravel ship for extended and quick trips Galleon ships traveling across the Pacific to trade in silver were separated using Mercury, which raised its profitability. Carrack ships for trading Caravel ships for long and quick trips Cartography/Map Making Economic How did the trading posts and/or colonies contribute to this empire’s economic development? The world recognized currency that linked the main trading networks was created by mining silver in the new world. The Spanish dollar was the first money to be used worldwide. Cash crop: Silver, sugar tobacco Brazil was well known for this cash crop, which raised Portugal's exports and necessitating more slavery due to its massive farms. Social What social changes were brought by the establishment of their trading posts and/or colonies? Due to political supremacy in the 1750s, Creoles who were born in Latin America but descended from Spanish Immigrants began to fight for independence because they felt they had a lower social, political, and economic standing A system used in colonial Spain and Portugal to assign social status to individuals on several racial classifications. Peninsulares -> Criollos -> Castas -> slave and indigenous Culture What cultural changes were brought by the establishment of their trading posts and/or colonies? The majority of the material we know about the Aztecs was written by the Spaniards, who destroyed their writings and documents making it somewhat prejudiced. Created animosity between the groups but had little effect on Asian culture because the aristocracy and scholars believed them to be barbarous; most interactions were with traders and merchants
Netherlands (Dutch) France England Government Explain the process of state building and expansion. How they build and manage their empires? Who was in charge? What type of govt? Dutch republic: was a confederation Absolute monarchy: Louis XIV Monarchy with parliament Parliament allowed nobles to have more power English bill of rights Trading Posts and/or Colonies Established Indian ocean: Malacca and Batavia. Americans: Hudson river area/New Amsterdam which connected the French to the English. Japan: the one country allowed to trade with them and the island off of Nagasaki. Americas: Canada (Didn't settle permanently) South Asia: Pondicherry (driven out by England later) Americas: Virginia (mainly Protestant colonies) Jamaica: Taken over by the Spanish Technological Innovations What technologies did this empire utilize or develop to establish and maintain their sea-based empire? Utilizing the Fluyt ship for trade, they were able to out perform other European countries. French fortresses and weaponry were important components of their colonial ambitions. As a result of the Navy's rise to prominence, English maritime dominance was reinforced. Ship design and navigation innovations were essential. Economic How did the trading posts and/or colonies contribute to this empire’s economic development? By 1609, Bank of Amsterdam was a global currency trader. Its high taxes stemmed from national trade, which made living expenses the highest. Its stock company was based on research and trading. Money making techniques with investors created financial bubbles,which resulted in bankruptcy and economic harm for these nations. Mercantilist law, like the Navigation Acts, were put in place to guarantee the mother country's economic gain. Colonies were provided markets and products for English products. Social What social changes were brought by the establishment of their trading posts and/or colonies? sparked hostilities between the local Native Americans and English colonist Cultural Interchange occurred in French colonies, where the Native populace was exposed to French language, habits, and products. Most English settlers were followers of this intolerable faith, and relocated to get away from the government's repressive rule. Culture What cultural changes were brought by the establishment of their trading posts and/or colonies? Most accepting of all religions and cultures of Europe, particularly towards Jews who contributed to the development of the nation's financial industry. Local cultures were influenced by French colonialism, which resulted in the combination of French and indigenous components. The lingering effects of the English colonialism can be seen in the local languages, political systems, and social norms.
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