Module 2 test review

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Texas Tech University *

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MISC

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Health Science

Date

Apr 29, 2024

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pdf

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11

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Portage Nutrition BIOD 121 Exam 2 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dzky8e 1. Facilitated diffusion Which type of diffusion can move substances down concentration gra- dients utilizing a trans- porter? 2. Active transport Which type of diffu- sion can move nutrients against the concentration from an area of low con- centration to an area of high? 3. Passive diffusion Which type of diffusion can move substances easily in and out of cells down concentration gra- dients through the cell membrane? 4. passageway for food Esophagus 5. hold volume of food and mechanically and chemically digest it stomach 6. site of digestion and absorption small intestine 7. reabsorbs water and some vitamins large intestine 8. passes undigested foodstuffs from the body rectum 9. releases saliva containing enzymes (accessory organ) Salivary glands 10. produces bile to breakdown fats (accessory or- gan) liver 11. stores bile produced by the liver to be released into the intestine to digest fats (accessory or- gan) Gallbladder 1 / 11
Portage Nutrition BIOD 121 Exam 2 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dzky8e 12. release digestive enzymes to chemically digest food (accessory organ) pancreas 13. salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Accessory GI organs 14. True True or False. If false, ex- plain why it is false. Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is nec- essary for the B12 to be absorbed. 15. gastric acid enters the esophagus damaging the epithelial lining heartburn 16. loose watery and frequent stool diarrhea 17. small pouches that push out through weak spots in the colon that can become inflamed diverticulosis 18. associated with bloating, abdominal pains, cramps, diarrhea, or constipation Irritable bowel syndrome 19. sores that develop along the GI tract triggered by H. Pylori, NSAIDs, stress or smoking Peptic ulcer 20. Possible answers: eating smaller meals that are low in fat, chewing food well, avoiding overeating, and limiting coffee, tea, alcohol and certain spices waiting 2 hours after a meal before lying down sleep with the head of the bed elevated List 1 dietary treatment for heartburn: 21. Treatment usually requires increased fluid con- sumption to prevent dehydration. A diet of broth, tea, toast, and low fiber foods should be consumed, as tolerated. List a dietary treatment for diarrhea. 2 / 11
Portage Nutrition BIOD 121 Exam 2 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dzky8e 22. Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels Which of the following is NOT True concerning blood sugar regulation? The pancreas influences blood sugar regulation Excess glucose is stored as glycogen Hormones are responsi- ble for control High blood sugar is called hyperglycemia Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels 23. amino acids The monomer (single unit that can be absorbed) proteins are digested into 24. lactose ____ is the sugar found in milk 25. sucrose ____is the sugar found in table sugar 26. fructose ____ is the sweetest tast- ing sugar 27. maltose ____ is the sugar rarely found in food but is used in the liquor industry 28. Both fiber forms are complex carbohydrates that are necessary for intestinal health. --- In- soluble fiber does not dissolve water and is not broken down by intestinal bacteria. It func- tions to increase stool mass and speed pas- sage through the large intestine. --- In contrast, soluble fiber dissolves in water, and is broken Compare and contrast in- soluble, and soluble fiber. 3 / 11
Portage Nutrition BIOD 121 Exam 2 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dzky8e down by intestinal bacteria. It helps to slow glucose absorption and fat (thus, lowering cho- lesterol) and provides satiety to a meal. 29. amylase; lactase; maltase; sucrase Which enzyme primarily digests starch? lactose? maltose? sucrose? 30. 4 Proteins provide ___ kcal of energy/gram. 31. protein The process of gluconeo- genesis is when the body converts ________ into glucose for fuel. (select all that may apply): Ketones Tissue Lipid Carbohydrate Protein 32. true True or false. If false, ex- plain why it is false. Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypo- glycemia. 33. In both type 1 and 2 diabetes blood glucose lev- els are high, or there is hyperglycemia, so both also have similar symptoms (excessive thirst, urination, hunger, weight loss and ketosis). Causes, treatment and time of onset are differ- ent between type 1 and 2 diabetes: -Type 1 is when the pancreas doesn't make any insulin, treatment is exogenous insulin and generally has onset in childhood-early adult- Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 di- abetes. Include cause, on-set, symptoms and treatment in your answer. 4 / 11
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