GEOG360_EX7_W24_updated

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Oregon State University, Corvallis *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Oregon State University – Geography and Geospatial Science GEOG 360 Exercise 7: Exploring Raster Datasets through the Syrian Refugee Crisis Due dates: GEOG 360 400 students: This assignment is due by Tuesday midnight (11:59 PM) PT in Week 8. GEOG 360 001 students: This assignment is due before the start of your lab session in Week 8. Total points: 30 points Deliverables: The deliverables for this exercise are highlighted below in yellow. As you work through the exercise, include all requested information and screenshots in a Word document to be handed in via Canvas to the Modules > Week 7 > Exercise 7. Your document should be named <LastNameFirstName>_EX7.docx Overview : Location: Syria We are beginning raster-based analysis this week by working through a hypothetical scenario where we will identify suitable locations for refugee camps along the Syrian/Turkish border. About 5.4 million people have become refugees since the start of the Syrian civil war in March 2011 -- the largest refugee crisis for nearly a quarter century -- and a further 6.9 million internally displaced people remain within Syria. Of Syrian refugees, the majority are currently in Turkey; the placement of these refugee sites is the focus of this exercise. To learn about this conflict and its causes, see the following articles on the current situation in Syria and the status and geographical distribution of the refugee crisis: 1. The Syrian Refugee Crisis Explained (updated 03/14/23): https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/ 2. Center for Preventive Action, Global Conflict Tracker (updated 2/13/24): https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-syria 3. BBC: Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years? (05/02/23): https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229

We’ll be using three criteria for finding suitable refugee camp locations: A. Must be within 100km of the Syrian border Data source: Natural Earth Vector ( https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/blob/master/10m_cultural/ ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp ) B. Cannot be located on land that has a slope greater than 10% Data source: Topographic DEM derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). More info on these elevation raster data here: https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/ C. Must have vegetative land cover (plants and trees) Data source: 2019 land cover dataset from Land Cover Climate Change Initiative, located at http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/download.php We’ll process these three datasets into binary (0/1) maps where a value of 0 represents ‘unacceptable’ and 1 represents ‘acceptable’. Then, we’ll add these datasets into a single merged layer, which we will use to identify viable refugee camp locations. The overall effect will be something like this, with “3” (an area where all three criteria are acceptable) representing a possible refugee camp location: After identifying possible sites, we will use ArcGIS Pro to find out how many camps we can place there given the minimum size of each camp. Then we will create a map layout. You will lead this preliminary refugee camp site planning exercise to identify suitable locations for refugee camps along the Syria-Turkey border for the refugee population in Turkey. Specific learning outcomes for this exercise include:

 Learn how to use the raster calculator function.  Become familiar with classifying raster datasets into binary (0/1) maps.  Become more comfortable converting vector data to raster data.  Construct a workflow diagram using Model Builder. As you go through the exercise, remember to make notes in your GIS Notebook. You should be able to refer to your GIS Notebook to review some of the tools and procedures that we have used in past exercises if you do not remember how to do certain steps. As part of the exercise, you will also be creating a workflow diagram of all the geoprocessing steps using ModelBuilder. So, for each step in the exercise, make note of the Input filename, the Tool and the Output filename in your GIS Notebook so that you understand the sequential steps that you have taken. If you are having trouble understanding the geoprocessing we will be carrying out in this exercise, take a look at the following ESRI help pages about the Spatial Analyst tool: https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/analysis/spatial-analyst/basics/what-is-the- spatial-analyst-extension.htm https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/analysis/spatial-analyst/model-solve-spatial- problems/using-the-conceptual-model-to-create-suitability.htm EXERCISE INSTRUCTIONS 1. Create an EX7 folder in your student folder. 2. Download the “EX7_data.zip” file to your EX7 student folder. Unzip the data into your EX7 folder. 3. Open ArcGIS Pro. Create a new Project called “EX7” within this folder. This will automatically create the EX7 project folder as well as the EX7.gdb geodatabase to which you can save all your newly created data. 4. Open a new map. In the Catalog, right-click > add a folder connection to your EX7 folder. 5. To ensure that all your work is saved into the same coordinate system, when working with a geodatabase, we can set the output coordinate system so that all new files written into the geodatabase will be automatically projected into the same Projected Coordinate System. To do this, from within your map, navigate to Analysis > Environments. In the pop-up window, under Output Coordinates, click on the small globe icon. Navigate to the Projected

Coordinate System and UTM > WGS 1984 > Northern Hemisphere. Set the default output coordinate system to be WGS 1984 UTM Zone 37N. Don’t change anything else here. In addition, so that we can make measurements on our map later, from the Contents pane, right-click on “Map” and open Properties. Click on Coordinate Systems in the left panel. Under “X, Y Coordinate Systems Available”, navigate through the Projected Coordinate Systems to find “WGS 1984 UTM Zone 37N” and select it. Notice the difference in the map extent. We are now viewing only Zone 37N in Universal Transverse Mercator. If you are curious, here is more information on geoprocessing environments settings: https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/environment-settings/what-is- a-geoprocessing-environment.htm

6. It is time to set our first criterion: Must be within 100km of the Syrian border. To accomplish this, we will simply make a 100km spatial buffer around the Syrian border. a) From the EX7_Data folder you have unzipped into your EX7 folder, find the ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp file and add it to your map in ArcGIS Pro. These data came from an open-source data portal called Natural Earth Vector and are the boundaries of all the countries of the world. ( https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/blob/master/10m_cultural/ ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp ) b) Briefly examine the Properties of this shapefile so that you know what spatial referencing system you are working with (Source > Spatial Reference). Thinking spatially : Is this data in a GCS or PCS? c) Locate the country of Syria (if you’re not sure where it is, you can do this by increasing the transparency of your new layer until you can see the World Topographic labeling through the new layer). Using the “Select” tool on the Map tab, Selection group, select the Syria polygon: d) With the polygon selected (as in the screenshot above), under the Feature Layer contextual menu, navigate to “Data” and click “Export Features”. Adjust the Parameters: Make sure the Input is your ne_10m_admin_0_countries layer, the Output Location is your Ex7.gdb, and the Output Name is “Syria_border” stored within your EX7 geodatabase. “Use the selected records: 1” should be toggled. Don’t adjust the Environments at all.

e) Hit OK. The new feature class of the Syrian border will be projected and added to your geodatabase as well as being added to your map. If you like to keep a neat map, uncheck the box for the “ne_10m_admin_0_countries” layer so you can’t see the rest of the countries anymore, but don’t delete it – we’ll need it later. Review : In this process, we started with a shapefile of country boundaries. After selecting the Syrian polygon, we exported it to a new feature class (Syria_border) within our EX7 geodatabase. Since we set the output coordinate system for our geodatabase to a projected coordinate system earlier in Step 5, the newly created layer has been projected into WGS 1984 UTM. Check the properties of the input shapefile (ne_10m_admin_0_countries) as well as the output feature class (Syria_border) to confirm that you understand what we did here. f) Using Syria’s geometry, use the Geoprocessing tool called Buffer ( not Pairwise Buffer) to construct a buffer around Syria with a distance of 100 km . (An easy way to locate a geoprocessing tool is to search for it in Analysis > Tools.) Your Input Features should be the “Syria_border” layer. Your new Output Feature Class should be named “Syria_border_100km_buffer'' and should be saved to your EX7.gdb (click the folder icon on the right to make sure this is where it’s being saved). Make your buffer 100 kilometers in distance and change the Side Type to “Exclude the input polygon from buffer”. This will exclude the Syrian border itself from the new feature class; we want only the area outside of Syria. For Method, we will use the default Planar method which creates a Euclidean straight-line buffer because we are working with a Projected feature class. Dissolve type should be already set to No Dissolve.

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