ATOC Exam 1 Study Guide

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University of Colorado, Boulder *

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ATOC1060

Subject

Geography

Date

Apr 27, 2024

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pdf

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8

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1. According to “global temperature” shown in the article, how much has the Earth’s surface warmed since the late 19th century? More than 1 degree Celsius. 2. According to the “global temperature” graph shown in the article, how many years have been 1 degree Celsius warmer than the later 19th century baseline? 6. 3. The article has different ways of saying that the Earth is experiencing long-term warming. Which of the following statements supports that? The 10 warmest years have now occurred since 2005. The last seven years have been the seven warmest years on record. 4. Despite exhibiting record-breaking or near record-breaking global temperatures, years 2016 and 2020 were different in the following: 2020 was a La Nina year, lessening the record-breaking temperatures. 2016 was an El Nino year, boosting to the record-breaking temperatures. 5. Which of the following events of 2020 were linked to warming temperatures that year by scientists? Wildfires in California and Australia. Many hurricanes that rapidly intensified in the Atlantic. ___________________________________________ 1. According to the first graph in the article, which country is generating the largest emissions of CO2? China. 2. According to the first graph in the article, which country or countries have cumulative emissions larger than the E.U? U.S.
3. Select all that apply according to the second graph in the article. The largest part of global emissions produced until 1980, were generated by the U.S. and the E.U. The largest part of global emissions are currently generated by countries other than the developed economies. 4. The Paris agreement was possible, because... Nearly all countries realized that emissions cannot be solely reduced by developed countries. 5. Despite China’s higher missions, the U.S. is still the biggest responsible for global warming because… The U.S. have been emitting CO2 for much longer, resulting in larger cumulative emissions. The U.S. is the largest emitter per capita. _________________________________ 1. Humans can live in places that are much hotter than our body temperature… Thanks to our ability to sweat and the associated evaporative cooling. 2. Sweating is most effective at cooling our bodies in dry air because... Air with low moisture content favors evaporation. 3. A small increase in global temperatures can… Make heat waves more common and cold spells less common. 4. Since the 1960s the average number of heat waves in 50 major American cities has... Increased 3-fold. 5. Which of the following changes could be making heat waves last longer according to one of the scientists mentioned in this article? A slow down of the jet stream driven by stronger polar warming. ___________________________________________________
1. According to the graphic information shown in this article, which of the following states has experienced the largest and most wide-spread drying measured by the change in annual average precipitation. Arizona. 2. The western part of the U.S. has become drier during the last 30 years, whereas the eastern side has become wetter. Which of the following predictions made by computer models explains this pattern? Model predictions showing that “wet places will get wetter, and dry places will get drier.” 3. What aspect of the rainfall distribution over the U.S. has been most affected by warming? The amount of rain in the heaviest downpours. 4. According to the graphic information shown in the article, which of the following regions has experienced the largest increase in the heaviest precipitation between 1901 and 2006? Northeast. 5. Which of the following processes are involved in the increasing rainfall rates in the heaviest downpours? As the climate warms, increased evaporation pumps more moisture into the air. Warmer air can “hold” more moisture by about 7 percent per degree Celsius of warming. ______________________________________________________________________ 1. Why is it important to monitor the rates of permafrost thawing? It could release a vast amount of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere, accelerating global warming. 2. How does permafrost thawing release CH4 and CO2 into the atmosphere? Through the decomposition of organic matter stored in the previously frozen soils. 3. Which of the following is least critical to predict the impact of permafrost thawing on Global Warming? Monitoring changes in permafrost over the Southern Hemisphere.
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