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ECEN 428/722 – Lab 3: Folded and Unfolded IIR Filter Design on FPGA
Texas A & M University
Page
1
1
Introduction
In this lab, we will extend our IIR design done in the previous lab. We will implement unfolded and folded IIR filter designs and compare their differences. For this lab, you are expected to complete the following tasks: a)
Implement the unfolded IIR filter design. b)
Implement the folded IIR filter design. c)
Summarize the differences in the implementation between unfolding and folding filter design. 1.1
Introduction to Unfolding and Folding
Unfolding
is a transformation technique that increases the throughput of a digital signal processing program by duplicating the functional blocks while maintaining functionality. On the other hand,
folding
converts multiple operations into a single operation block and minimizes the number of functional blocks needed in synthesizing the digital signal processing system. Please refer to the lectures (or chapters 5 and 6 from the text authored by Keshab Parhi prescribed in the syllabus) to understand the unfolding and folding algorithms before the lab. We need to design IIR for this lab based on the same IIR design. Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3 show the original, unfolded, and folded design of the IIR filter, respectively. Figure 1: IIR Original Design
ECEN 428/722 – Lab 3: Folded and Unfolded IIR Filter Design on FPGA
Texas A & M University
Page
2
Figure 2: IIR Unfolded Design Figure 3: IIR Folded Design 2
Lab Design of Unfolded IIR
Now we start to implement the designs. a)
If using Olympus server, transfer the base_vivado.zip
file form personal computer to Olympus using the scp
command (instructions shown in Lab1). b)
Log into Olympus. Unzip the zip file. Rename the extracted directory from base_vivado
to lab3_vivado
c)
Source the 2023 version of Vivado and Vitis: source /opt/coe/Xilinx/Vitis/2023.1/settings64.sh source /opt/coe/Xilinx/Vivado/2023.1/settings64.sh d)
Start Vivado, then open the project base.xpr
under lab3_vivado/base
ECEN 428/722 – Lab 3: Folded and Unfolded IIR Filter Design on FPGA
Texas A & M University
Page
3
e)
Click on File à
Add Sources
. Select Add or create design
sources
. Click Add Files and choose the files IIR_unfold.v
, multiply.v
from the lab3_codes
folder. Finally and click finish
. Refer to figure. f)
In the same manner, also add the testbench for the design. Click on File à
Add Sources
. Select Add or create simulation sources
. Choose the file IIR_unfold_tb.v
and flick Finish.
Refer to the figure below on how the design hierarchy should look after adding these files.
g)
Now its your job to complete the Verilog code for the 2-unfolded IIR module according to the unfolding algorithm taught in class. You will need to implement your code in the IIR_unfold.v
file. Remember to use an 8-bit signed fixed-point number for calculation in the lab, with 4 bits for the fractional part, 3 bits for the interger part and 1 bit for sign. After you finish coding IIR_unfold.v
, we can run behavioral simulation. Before simulation, please right click on IIR_unfold_tb
and click Set as Top
. Refer to figure below.
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Related Questions
For the filter:
a) Determine type of filter and the cut-off frequency (Fc). Determine the peak voltage at the cut-off frequency (Fc).
b) Find GAIN (Vo/Vi) at f = .1*Fc . Find GAIN (Vo/Vi) at f = 10*Fc .
c) Determine the frequency at which GAIN = .4 (i.e., Vo = .4*Vi) . Draw the “Frequency Response Plot” in “Log-Log” format .
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bessel bandpass filter analysis and all formula. lecture summary
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Discuss in detail the practical benefit of at least one of each type of passive filter (low, high, and band rejection filters) with the circuit pictures of the filters. Please explain that it is very important to me
arrow_forward
Give the different types of filters and briefly discuss each
arrow_forward
Design an ACTIVE band-pass filter for the midrange part of a loudspeaker so that the bandpass region is
400 Hz-2000 Hz (as defined by the -3dB points). Design the circuit so that the absolute gain is 2.
a. Draw the circuit diagram and specify the resistor and capacitor values. Assume you can use either
100, 330, 500, or 1000 Ohm resistors and can select any value of capacitor.
b. Sketch the frequency response (Gain [dB] vs. frequency (Hz)). Note that you will need to convert
your gain to dB before plotting.
Magnitude (dB)
15
10
5
midrange
12 1
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
10
100
1,000
Frequency (Hz)
10,000
100,000
arrow_forward
Consider two types of digital filters: Butterworth and Elliptic.
(c) Comment on the difference between your two designed filters (incl. comparison of
filter order, transition band, ripple and phase response).
arrow_forward
Q2) The figure shown below is a block diagram of a simple receiver. Design
and draw the electronic circuits of A and B, know that:
A is a phase shift oscillator generates IMHZ (given C-50PF).
B is a second order low-pass filter (cutoff frequency f-5KHZ, C-201F).
Draw the circuit (block C) without values if it is a class AB power amplifier.
Amplifier
A
arrow_forward
(c) LVDT will be used to measure work piece motion from -1.2 cm to 1.4 cm , the
static transfer function (sensitivity) =23.8 mV/mm find:
1) The voltage output range.
2) The position when V,= -300 mV.
3) If the resolution changed to 0.5 mm what will be the resolution of the output
voltage.
arrow_forward
Explain how the Active Low Pass Filter works in
detail, as shown in a drawing
arrow_forward
CR active filters find extensive use in communications and instrumentation
measurements.
a) By considering how the capacitor impedance in Figure 1 varies with frequency,
explain if the circuit in Figure 1 acts as a low-pass or high-pass filter.
p) Derive the closed-loop gain for the case of very high frequencies.
c) Draw a graph that shows the frequency response of the CR active high-pass
filter. The y-axis should correspond to gain in dBs and the x-axis to frequency.
Make sure that you clearly indicate the 3 dB point and the equation that
describes the relationship between w and CinRin at the cut-off frequency.
Cin Rin
A
Vin
Vout
Figure 1
arrow_forward
1. Choose which basic filter response suit the signal output criteria in the figure 2. State your reason.
2. Sketch the basic filter response to suit the output citeria in Figure 2. (with labelling of passband, transition region and cut-off frequency).
3. Choose 1 type of filter if a flat pass-band gain response is required.
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How can I add two voltages values together with on op amp? Using op amps, how to make an AD Converter? A DA Converter?
What components determine the frequency of an astable, 555 oscillator? Draw the circuit.
Draw a circuit for both an astable and a monostable, 555 multivibrator.
What is the duty cycle and percentage duty cycle of a pulse train or square wave?
What is the overshoot, rise time, fall time, and pulse width of a pulse and where on the waveform is each measured?
arrow_forward
2.
a) Consider the circuit shown in figure 3.
i) Determine what type of filter is shown in Figure 3
i) Calculate the corner or cutoff frequency. Take R = 4 k &, L= 2 H, and C= 1 uF.
R
Figure 3
b) Describe the possibility of building a second order filter with only resistors and
capacitors? and design the cutoff frequency of second order filter for low pass filter
(Expected: Describe the possibility , design the second order filter for low pass filter
circuit and design the cutoff frequency as equation only).
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show step by step with diagrams and formula on how to arrive at the output waveform for a center-tapped full-wave with filter capacitor
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6. An AC precision integrator is desired for a particular application to perform the operation:
Vo'(t) = -1200 Vi(t) dt
The primes indicate the ac portions of the respective functions. The lowest frequency other than a
possible de component of the input signal is estimated to be 1.5 kHz. Determine a suitable design.
7. A low frequency differentiator is desired for a particular application n to perform the operation
Vo(t) = -0.002 dvi(t)/ dt
Based on a periodic signal with a frequency of 1 kHz, determine a suitable design.
8. Design an astable 555 timer circuit to produce 1kHz square wave, where TH = 0.35 ms and T₁ = 0.65 ms.
Select C = 0.01 UE, Determine R₁ and Ra.
9. Design a monostable 555 timer circuit to produce an output pulse 5 ms wide.
10. Using op amps with Xsat = +/- 13 V, design a square/ triangular wave function generator circuit to
generate 2 kHz triangular wave with a peak-to-peak voltage of 12 V.
11. Design a non inverting Schmitt trigger circuit with VT to be adjustable…
arrow_forward
filter specification
a. What kind of filter is this?
b. What is the transition band of the filter
is given as ₂ = 0.4, , = 0.5, ₁ = 0.01, &₂ = 0.00001,
c. Draw the absolute specification
d. What is the specification in relative?
e.
Draw the relative specification.
f.
If the filter is applied on a signal sampled at 100 kHz, what are the frequency edges in Hz?
arrow_forward
active band pass filter Why does the graphic appear like this in this case discuss it?
arrow_forward
Discuss how you can make the filter gives ideal response. - Discuss the disadvantages of increasing the order of the filter. -
arrow_forward
Define briefly the terms used in filter below,
a) pass band
b) attenuation band
c) Cut off frequency (-3db frequency)
arrow_forward
Report: 1. How would you design 3™-order low pass butter worth filter, explain the design procedure? 2. What are the main disadvantages of designing the band reject filter, mentioned above? Suggest a butter circuit design. 3. In modern active filter design, the capacitor can be removed to give an all active R-filter. Suggest a 2™-order R-filter, what are the advantage and disadvantages of such filter? 4. What are the main applications of the above mentioned filters?
arrow_forward
CR active filters find extensive use in communications and instrumentationmeasurements.a) By considering how the capacitor impedance in Figure 1 varies with frequency,explain if the circuit in Figure 1 acts as a low-pass or high-pass filter.b) Derive the closed-loop gain for the case of very high frequencies.c) Draw a graph that shows the frequency response of the CR active high-passfilter. The y-axis should correspond to gain in dBs and the x-axis to frequency.Make sure that you clearly indicate the 3 dB point and the equation thatdescribes the relationship between ω and CinRin at the cut-off frequency.
arrow_forward
1-With the aid of diagrams and equations, state the differences between:
a. Active filters and passive filters.
b. Low pass filters and high pass filters.
C. Butterworth filters and chebyshev filters. saeed it is promisum
2- What are the limitations of Sallen-Key filter design topology.
3. What are the values of ideal 741 op-amp parameters (input impedance, output impedance, voltage gain).
4. Why we use 741 op-amps in the filter design.
5. Why we use semiology paper to draw the frequency response of filters.
6. What is filter order, and what is the effect of changing filter order on the filter response and complexity of filter.
7 Sketch the frequency response of low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, and band-reject filters.
arrow_forward
(a) Explain the function of a high pass filter. Draw a diagram of a simple high–pass filter using a capacitor and a resistor.
arrow_forward
In a Wien bridge oscillator circuit, the value of the resistor andnthe capacitor that form the RC series and parallel branch are given as 200 ohm and 10 mF. What will be the frequency of oscillation?
arrow_forward
Bandwidth of an active filter is related to
A.
the size of filter memory
B.
size of filter capacity in term of frequency
C.
size of filter accuracy in term of frequency
D.
filter capability to amplify its gain
arrow_forward
Task Four: Hearing Aid Volume Control system
The human ear reacts to various frequencies in a different way. The frequency range between 1
and 3 kHz is the most sensitive frequencies, and the average sound level is 60 dB. Design a
Hearing Aid Volume Control system that receives a signal from a microphone then amplify and
passe the most sensitive frequencies only.
Consider the following specifications in your active filter design:
a. Use Op-amp in your design.
b. Use a 15-volt battery.
c. The passband volage gain is more than 10 dB.
Design procedure:
1. Draw the schematic diagram for the circuit to be analyzed.
2. Mathematically analyze the circuit and predict the behavior of the circuit under a
variety of conditions.
3.
Build this circuit on a breadboard or other convenient medium. Carefully
measure all voltages and currents, to verify the accuracy of your analysis.
4. Verify the design by simulating the circuit. Carefully measure all voltages and
currents, to verify the accuracy of…
arrow_forward
Home Work:
1- Design a clipper circuit that can pass only the positive values (V22V) of a
sinusoidal input voltage of 1KHZ and peak voltage of 4V. Use silicon diode.
2- Suppose you have an input sinusoidal voltage of f=1 KHz, Vpeak-4V. Design a
clamping circuit that can positively clamped the input signal at -2V. Use a silicon
diode of forward and reverse resistances of (r-62) and (r-9MS2) respectively.
arrow_forward
in Active Band Pass Filter
Discuss the effect of increasing the order of the filter on the frequency response of the filter.
arrow_forward
a)Draw a general graph showing its gain verses frequency with gain in dB vs log of frequency and indicate the cut-off Frequency.
b) Draw a simple, single resistor, single capacitor high pass filter. What is the formula for the cut-off frequency for this filter?
c) Draw a graph of its gain verses frequency and label its cut-off frequency.
arrow_forward
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- For the filter: a) Determine type of filter and the cut-off frequency (Fc). Determine the peak voltage at the cut-off frequency (Fc). b) Find GAIN (Vo/Vi) at f = .1*Fc . Find GAIN (Vo/Vi) at f = 10*Fc . c) Determine the frequency at which GAIN = .4 (i.e., Vo = .4*Vi) . Draw the “Frequency Response Plot” in “Log-Log” format .arrow_forwardbessel bandpass filter analysis and all formula. lecture summaryarrow_forwardDiscuss in detail the practical benefit of at least one of each type of passive filter (low, high, and band rejection filters) with the circuit pictures of the filters. Please explain that it is very important to mearrow_forward
- Give the different types of filters and briefly discuss eacharrow_forwardDesign an ACTIVE band-pass filter for the midrange part of a loudspeaker so that the bandpass region is 400 Hz-2000 Hz (as defined by the -3dB points). Design the circuit so that the absolute gain is 2. a. Draw the circuit diagram and specify the resistor and capacitor values. Assume you can use either 100, 330, 500, or 1000 Ohm resistors and can select any value of capacitor. b. Sketch the frequency response (Gain [dB] vs. frequency (Hz)). Note that you will need to convert your gain to dB before plotting. Magnitude (dB) 15 10 5 midrange 12 1 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 10 100 1,000 Frequency (Hz) 10,000 100,000arrow_forwardConsider two types of digital filters: Butterworth and Elliptic. (c) Comment on the difference between your two designed filters (incl. comparison of filter order, transition band, ripple and phase response).arrow_forward
- Q2) The figure shown below is a block diagram of a simple receiver. Design and draw the electronic circuits of A and B, know that: A is a phase shift oscillator generates IMHZ (given C-50PF). B is a second order low-pass filter (cutoff frequency f-5KHZ, C-201F). Draw the circuit (block C) without values if it is a class AB power amplifier. Amplifier Aarrow_forward(c) LVDT will be used to measure work piece motion from -1.2 cm to 1.4 cm , the static transfer function (sensitivity) =23.8 mV/mm find: 1) The voltage output range. 2) The position when V,= -300 mV. 3) If the resolution changed to 0.5 mm what will be the resolution of the output voltage.arrow_forwardExplain how the Active Low Pass Filter works in detail, as shown in a drawingarrow_forward
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
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Author:Stephen L. Herman
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