Module 7

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School

University of California, Los Angeles *

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Course

154A

Subject

Economics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

6

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Module 7 Discussion Topic 1 Whether you time a person doing a task along side them or behind a one-way- mirror, they will perform more efficiently than would be expected if they weren't observed at all. Is this a good statement or not? I think this is a true statement (assuming they know you are behind a one way mirror), though I’m not sure I would call it a ‘good’ statement. If they don’t know they are being observed, this statement is false. I believe that people work more efficiently and give more effort when they know they are being observed in any sense. Make that person a boss or coach of some sort and I think their effort goes up even more. Most people do not want to fail or look mediocre in front of others, hence the higher efficiency. But I say this is not a good statement because it doesn’t represent day-to-day scenarios. Very rarely are you being observed regularly and therefore their efforts during observation should not be considered typical or used for expected outcome. Discussion Topic 2 The US Bureau of Labor Statistics has been used by both US and foreign governments in negotiating contracts. Can one manipulate the indexes to the sellers or buyers advantage and how can this be done? Any weaknesses in using the indexes? Any better ones out there and why? I feel it would be hard to manipulate the actual data in the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is regularly available for anyone to look up and therefore, they’d find any discrepancies if you were to manipulate information prior to sending. On average, the data is assumed to be 90% accurate and therefore means 90% confidence level in using the data. However, that doesn’t mean one cannot twist the information to fit their desire. For example, if the data presents a 0.1% increase in wages, one could use that data to increase their team’s labor cost even if they are not truly increasing their pay. Similarly, some statistics are heavily weighted due to increases or decreases in a specific area. If half the country is seeing a rising trend while the other half is remaining steady, the statistics may show a 25% increase across the board. One could use this data to argue in their favor, even if they are part of the population that has remained somewhat steady. In addition to the above examples, not all occupations have data available for every location. The information is heavily focused on the national level, missing individual data in smaller areas. I feel like state labor departments and local workforce development boards could have more accurate data. US Bureau of Labor Statistics provides great, high level detail while state and local information can provide better insight to a specific areas’ data.
Discussion Topic 3 Acme Machine has furnished you the following labor quote to build a quantity of 100 KISS circuit cards. Per unit labor costs: Description Std. Labor hours (hours) Quantity Set-up .20 1 per assy. Identify parts .10 1 per assy. Position Capacitors & Solder .10 2 Position Resistors & Solder .10 3 Position Transistor & Solder .20 2 Position Transformer & Solder .30 1 Attach L-Bracket to Circuit Board .10 2 Attach Bolt to PCB and Bracket .10 4 Attach Washer to PCB & Bolt .10 4 Attach Machine Screw to Transformer .20 4 Inspection 1.00 1 Packing .30 1 Shipping to Stores .50 1 Total Labor Hours 5.10 1
According to Acme, previous production runs for the same quantity of circuit cards ran 2.5 times standard and were fully manual in nature. They intend to incorporate a new flow solder machine on this run. They don’t believe that incorporating this new process will benefit this run as no learning is expected in the first production lot. Standard Labor Hours 5.10 PFD factor .25 Over Standard 12.65 Rework 2.0 Total Unit Factored Hours 20.0 Total Quantity Labor Hours 20,000.0 Hourly Labor Rate (at sell) $100.00 Total Direct Labor Cost $2,000,000.00 Is the above Direct Labor Cost proposed price reasonable? Without knowing more about the assemblies, the above quote seems high to me. The first thing I notice is that the total quantity seems off. Per the above, total unit factored hours is 20, meaning 20 hours per unit to produce. To make 100 parts as requested, total quantity labor hours should be 20 x 100 = 2,000 but the above states 20,000. This would make the total cost $200,000 and not $2,000,000. Putting that aside, the hourly labor rate of $100 seems extremely high to me- I understand there are varying positions of different ranging salaries (engineering, QC, manufacturing employees, etc.) but I’d like to see the justification of $100/hour for any of the positions involved. Secondly, Over Standard seems high- standard labor hours of 5.10 seems reasonable but the Over Standard is more than double this time. What makes up this additional time? Cost of the parts using standard labor hours would be 5.10 x 100 units x $100 = $51,000. Using my math above, total cost is coming out to $200,000 with the Over Standard which is a difference of almost $150,000 compared to Std Labor Hours alone. I would need to see justification on this over standard factor.
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