Synopsis of Anatomy of Friction Ridge Skin
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Cameron Fuller
Week 1 Assignment 2
FSC623 Fingerprint Analysis
3/9/2024
Synopsis of Anatomy of Friction Ridge Skin
The anatomy of friction ridge skin refers to the structure and characteristics of the skin on
the fingertips, palms, and soles of the feet. Friction ridge skin is unique to each individual and is used for fingerprint identification. The anatomy of friction ridge skin can be broken down into layers. The Epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin that contains ridges and furrows. The Dermal Papillae, which are small projections in the dermis that create the ridges on the surface. Sweat ducts, sweat glands, and the actual Friction ridge skin itself, which is the pattern formed by the ridges and furrows on the surface. The outer morphology of the friction ridge skin is a direct reflection of its function. The ridges and sweat pores allow the hands and feet to grasp surfaces firmly, and the creases allow the skin to flex. Ridges, creases, and mature scars of the friction ridge skin are durable morphological features. Warts, wrinkles, blisters, cuts, and calluses may also ap- pear on the friction ridge skin and are frequently transient morphological features. The anatomy and physiology of a feature determine whether the feature is durable or transient in nature. Crease Formation and Volar Pad Formation are important in the Embryology aspect side of things when it comes to hand and foot development. Friction ridge formation form on the hands around 10 weeks of gestation. There are 3 primary pattern types that develop on the fingers at this time which could be whorls, loops, and arches. These patterns reflect the size and shape of the volar pads at the time of formation of the friction ridges. Whorls tend to form on very high, rounded volar pads. Loops tend to form on asymmetrical volar pads that lean to one side. Arches tend to form on very low volar pads. The anatomy of the Friction Ridge skin is permanent in 4 ways. The first comes from the formation during fetal development, in which the ridges and furrows of friction ridge skin begin to form in the womb and are fully developed by the 24th week of gestation. Once formed, they remain relatively stable throughout a person's lifetime. The lack of regeneration is second and unlike other types of skin, friction ridge skin does not regenerate or replace itself. Once it is formed, it remains unchanged unless altered by external factors such as injury or disease.
Unique Ridge Patterns are next and are highly
individualistic and do not change over time. These
patterns are determined by a combination of genetic factors and random variations during development, making them unique to each person. Finally, Persistence overtime is the final factor where friction ridge skin is resistant to natural wear and tear. The ridges and furrows are protected by the outer layers of the skin and are not easily affected by everyday activities. This durability ensures that the ridge patterns remain intact and identifiable over a person's lifetime.
Cameron Fuller
Week 1 Assignment 2
FSC623 Fingerprint Analysis
3/9/2024
References:
Chacko, L. W.; Vaidya, M. C. The Dermal Papillae and Ridge Patterns in Human Volar Skin. ACTA Anatomica (Basel) 1968, 70 (1), 99–108.
Okajima, M. Development of Dermal Ridges in the Fetus. J. Med. Genet. 1975, 12 (3), 243–250.
Holt, S. (1968). The Genetics of Dermal Ridges
, Charles C. Thomas, Illinois.
Montagna, W. & Paul, P. (1974). The Structure and Function of Skin
, Academic Press, New York.
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