Biotechnology & You - Writing Assignment

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California State University, Fullerton *

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101

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Biology

Date

Apr 29, 2024

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docx

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2

Uploaded by kassandraxlopez on coursehero.com

Kassandra Lopez 1 There are two types of immune responses, a primary response and a secondary response. The difference though is that a primary immune response occurs when the body is exposed to a pathogen for the first time while a secondary immune response occurs when the body is exposed to the same antigen a second time. A secondary immune response them allows for memory B and T cells to quickly and effectively combat the pathogen (Fowler et al., 2013). If a person re- ceives a vaccination, which is a vaccine with an inactive form of a pathogen, a primary immune response would be triggered. It isn’t until a person is exposed to the actual pathogen, that a sec- ondary immune response will be triggered (Menvielle, 2021). Currently, there are three different types of vaccines to fight Covid-19, Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson. The main difference between them is that the Pfizer and Moderna vac- cines use messenger RNA to make surface proteins on the Covid-19 viruses to then active an im- mune system response (Branswell, 2021) . On the other hand, the J&J vaccines, use a previous vaccine, that’s usually used for common colds, to instruct human cells to produce the Covid-19 protein (Branswell, 2021). A similarity is that all three vaccines will trigger an immune response because the body will recognize the Covid-19 proteins as foreign to the human body. Although people have receive the vaccines, none will cause Covid-19 because the vaccinate has not been “activated” and won’t be unless the body comes into contact with the actual Covid-19 pathogen.
Kassandra Lopez 2 References Fowler, S., Roush, R., Wise, J., Reeves, N., DeSaix, J., Kuehner, B., Leady, B., Boogs, L., Broverman, S., Byres, D., Marcus, B., Mhlanga, F., Mignone, M., Nash, E., Newton, M., Oliveras, D., Piperberg, J., Reisenauer, A., Rumfelt, L.,... Zoubina, E. (2013). Concepts of Biology. Rice University. Menvielle, M. (2021, February 28). Vaccines and the Immune Response [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ncj7WU95ZFg Branswell, H. (2021, February 2). Comparing the Covid-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson. Stat. https://www.statnews.com/2021/02/02/compar - ing-the-covid-19-vaccines-developed-by-pfizer-moderna-and-johnson-johnson/
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