23a Prelab 23 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates

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Lone Star College System, North Harris *

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1407

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Biology

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Apr 26, 2024

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pdf

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Pre-Lab 23 1 Pre-Lab 23: Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates Others who participated: _____________________________ PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA – Class Crinoidea 1. On the sea lily shown, label the stalk (stem), calyx and arms. a. Like all echinoderms, the larvae of crinoids are bilateral. Why is radial symmetry advantageous to the adult? _____________________________________________________ b. There is a good fossil record of crinoids and other echinoderms. What physical feature of this phylum is responsible for this? (Hint: Remember taxonomic bias.) _______________________________________________________ 2. What can a feather star do that a sea lily cannot? ____________ PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA – Class Asteroidea 3. The water vascular system of a sea star is shown to the left below. Label: madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canal, ampulla of tube foot, tube foot. The drawing to the right is of dorsal and ventral views of a sea star. Label: madreporite, tube foot, ambulacral groove. 4. The left drawing is of a dissected sea star (dorsal view). The right shows the surface detail of a sea star. Label: stomachs, pyloric caecum, gonads, spine, pedicillariae, dermal branchiae. Name _____________________________
2 Pre-Lab 23 PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA – Class Ophiuroidea 5. Contrast differences between brittle stars and sea stars (Class Asteroidea) by filling in this chart. arms touch at base? tube feet with suction disks? means of movement? Ophiuroidea Asteroidea 6. Why is the name “brittle” star appropriate for an ophiuroid? _________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA – Class Echinoidea 7a. A sea urchin endoskeleton is shown to the right. Notice the rows of holes. What extends through these in a living urchin? ________________ b. What was attached to the bumps on the endoskeleton? ____________ 8. The drawing to the right shows the ventral side of a sea urchin endoskeleton. The arrow points to the 5 teeth. What feeding structure are these a part of? _______________________________________________ 9. Name an echinoid other than a sea urchin. _________________________ PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA – Class Holothuroidea 10. Sea cucumbers do not look much like other echinoderms. What external feature connects them to other members of their phylum? ___________________________________________________ 11. What is evisceration? _____________________________________________________________________ PHYLUM CHORDATA – Subphylum Urochordata 12. On the tunicate shown to the right, label siphons, tunic, gill slits. 13. Of what substance is the tunic composed? _______________________ 14. Name 2 functions of the pharyngeal gill slits. 1) _______________________________________________________________ 2) _______________________________________________________________ PHYLUM CHORDATA – Subphylum Cephalochordata 15. On the cross-section of a lancelet drawn to the right, label: nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, myotomes. 16. Which hallmark chordate characteristic is not visible on a cross-section? ___________________________________________
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