LADA Studying the Phases of the Moon
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University of the Cumberlands *
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Course
140
Subject
Astronomy
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
4
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Date
Section
O
ACTIVITY
4
Studying
the
Phases
of
the
Moon
Learning
Goals
Understanding
the
phases
of
the
Moon
requires
visualizing
the
Earth-Moon-Sun
system
in
three
dimensions.
In
this
activity,
you
will
develop
this
ability
by
learning
how
to
1.
successfully
replicate
the
motions
of
the
Earth
and
Moon,
as
well
as
their
positions with
respect
to
the
Sun
at
each
lunar
phase.
2.
explam
the
continuity
of
the
Moon
phases
worldwnde
3.
use
an
Earth-Moon
figure
to
disprove
a
common
misconception
that
Moon
phases
are
caused
by
Earth’s
shadow.
4.
correctly
order
the
phases
of
the
Moon.
Key
terms:
rotate,
revolve,
new
Moon,
waxing
crescent,
first
quarter
Moon,
waxing
gibbous,
full
Moon,
waning
gibbous,
third
quarter
Moon,
waning
crescent
Step
1—Background
The
Earth,
Moon,
and
Sun
form
an
interconnected,
moving
system.
The
Earth
rotates
on
its
axis
while
it
revolves
around
the
Sun,
which
is
also
rotating.
The
Moon
rotates
on
its
axis,
once
for
-
each
time
it
revolves
around
the
Earth.
You
may
better
understand
the
phrase
“revolves
around”
if
you
replace
it
with
“orbits.”
Stating
“The
Moon
rotates
around
the
Earth”
or
“The
Earth
rotates
around
the
Sun”
is
incorrect.
Perhaps
you
have
been
taught
about
the
phases
of
the
Moon
and
how
those
phases
depend
on
the
Earth-Moon-Sun
relative
positions
and
our
view
of
the
Moon
at
each
of
those
positions.
Maybe
you
had
to
memorize
the
names
of
the
phases—new
Moon,
waxing
crescent,
first
quarter
Moon,
waxing
gibbous,
full
Moon,
waning
gibbous,
third
quarter
Moon,
waning
crescent.
This
activity
should
lead
you
to
a
better
understanding
of
the
cause
of
the
phases
of
the
Moon.
1.
Complete
the
following
statements
using
revolves
or
rotates.
®
The
Earth
once
every
24
hours.
¢
The
Moon
once
on
its
axis
for
every
revolution
around
Earth.
®
One
year
is
the
amount
of
time
it
takes
Earth
to
around
the
Sun.
¢
The
Moon
around
the
Earth
in
approximately
29.5
days.
Step
2—The
Continuity
of
the
Phases
of
the
Moon
You
will
use
a
model
of
the
Earth-Moon
system
to
explore
the
phases
of the
Moon
as
they
are
seen
on
Earth
every
day.
Take
a
full
sheet
of
paper
and
crush
it
into
a
ball
to
represent
Earth.
Next,
take
one-quarter
of
a
sheet
of
paper
and
crush
it
into
a
smaller
ball
to
represent
the
Moon.
You
will
start
with
2
new
Moon,
the
same
geometry
as
shown
in
Figure
4.1.
The
Moon
moves
nearly
12°
in
its
orbit
every
24
hours
(360°
divided
by
a
rounded-off
30
days
in
a
month).
For
simplicity,
consider
all
locations
to
mean
those
for
viewers
in
the
Northern
Hemisphere—those
who
see
the
Moon
located
in
the
southern
part
of
the
sky
as
it
crosses
the
meridian.
©
2019
by
W.
W.
Norton
&
Company,
Inc.
Learning
Astronomy
by
Doing
Astronomy
Second
Edition
17
18
ACTIVITY
4
e
Studying
the
Phases
of
the
Moon
e
Parallelight
“Crushed
paper’
Earlh
;
rays
from
the
Sun
:A7>
“Grushed
paper”
Moon
=
=
FIGURE
4.1
Place
the
models
of
the
Earth
and
the
Moon
on
Figure
4.2,
found
in
the
appendix.
Imagine
the
sunlight
coming
from
the
front
of
the
classroom.
Orient
your
paper
so
that
the
“Day
0
&
30”
location
on
the
graph
is
toward
the
“Sun.”
Set
Earth
on
the
center
of
the
polar
graph,
and
then
place
the
Moon
around
the
edge
of
the
polar
graph
in
the
position
of
new
Moon.
Make
Earth
rotate
through
1
day
while
moving
the
Moon
in
its
orbit
(revolving)
12°
during
each
day.
2.
Starting
with
a
new
Moon,
rotate
the
paper
Earth
once.
For
this
model,
do
all
locations
on
Earth
see
approximately
a
new
Moon
(that
is,
if
we
could
actually
“see”a
new
Moon)?
Circle
Yes
or
No
3.
Each
time
Earth
rotates,
1
day
passes,
and
the
Moon
moves
12°.
Move
the
Moon
counter-
clockwise
in
its
orbit,
and
rotate
Earth
once.
Repeat
this
process
(move
the
Moon
12°
in
its
orbit,
and
rotate
Earth
once)
until
first
quarter
Moon
(7.5
rotations
of
Earth).
Do
all
locations
on
Earth
see
close
to
a
first
quarter
Moon,
over
the
course
of
one
rotation
of
Earth?
Circle
Yes
or
No
4.
Move
the
Moon
and
rotate
Earth
until
the
alignment
is
Sun-Earth-Moon
(Moon
on
the
“Day
15”
mark).
What
is
the
phase
of
the
Moon?
5.
Do
all
locations
on
Earth
see
this
phase,
or
very
close
to
this
phase,
over
the
course
of
one
rotation
of
Earth?
Circle
Yes
or
No
6.
Continue
another
7.5
days.
What
is
the
phase
of
the
Moon?
7.
Do
all
locations
on
Earth
see
close
to
this
phase,
over
the
course
of
one
rotation
of
Earth?
Circle
Yes
or
No
8.
Briefly
summarize
your
answers
for
questions
17,
explaining
how
the
phases
of
the
Moon
are
similar
for
all
locations
on
Earth
over
the
course
of
one
Earth
rotation,
throughout
the
time
the
Moon
revolves.
By
doing
so,
you
will
also
show
that
the
phases
of
the
Moon
are
continuous.
Step
3—Phases
and
Earth’s
Shadow
A
common
misconception
is
that
the
phases
of
the
Moon
are
caused
by
Earth’s
shadow.
Figure
4.3
depicts
the
orbit
of
the
Moon
around
Earth.
The
orbit
is
shown
in
perspective,
from
an
angle
between
edge-on
and
directly
above
the
orbit.
The
Sun
is
far
off the
paper
to
the
left.
Earth's
shadow
is
shown
to
scale.
The
plane
of
the
Moon's
orbit
is
tilted
with
respect
to
the
plane
of
Earth’s
orbit.
Twice
per
year,
the
Moon
is
in
the
plane
of
Earth’s
orbit
AT
THE
SAME
TIME
that
it
is
in
new
or
full
phase.
It
is
at
these
times
that
eclipses can
happen.
Otherwise,
eclipses
cannot
occur
because
the
shadow
of
Earth
is
above
or
below
the
Moon.
©
2019
by
W. W.
Norton
&
Company,
Inc.
Learning
Astronomy
by
Doing
Astronomy
Second
Edition
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