King Richard

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Community College of Baltimore County *

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102

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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King Richard Click on the website https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms6631 . Read the Abstract and the Introduction. Next, go back to what you learned in chapter 15 of your text this week. What questions from the chapter 15 section "Initial Skeletal Analysis" did bioarchaeologists answer about King Richard III? Using the information from the "Is It Modern or Archaeological?" section, explain how they use context to determine this skeleton was archaeological. Using the information in the "Who Is It?" section, discuss the tools they use to conclude that this skeleton is likely King Richard III's remains. Bioarchaeologists rely on skeletal analysis to determine information about the deceased by asking seven questions about the discovered remains: Is it bone? Is it human? Is it modern or archeological? How many individuals are present or what is the minimum number of individuals (MNI)? Who is it? Is there evidence of trauma before or around the time of death? What happened to the remains after death? (Shook, 2019b) The information gathered will determine if the remains are thousands of years old and further analyze the age, sex, height, disease, diet and behavior of each skeleton (Shook, 2019b). The questions bioarchaeologists answered from the "Initial Skeletal Analysis" were all seven stated during the analysis. Skeleton remains were excavated where it was reported King Richard III was buried (in the medieval church) in the Grey Friars friary in Leicester (King et al., 2014). Also, it was reported that he died during a battle and identifying battle injuries along with his age (30s) and physical attributes (slim, one shoulder slightly higher than other) already reported and the probable death of remains to be 1485 as recorded (King et al., 2014). While genetic and genealogical data were missing, though an ancient and modern DNA analysis (living female relative and substitute female), DNA and a portrait predicted hair and eye color were also matched (King et al., 2014). It concluded that the archaeological remains belonged to King Richard III and the other evidence provided.

Unlike forensic anthropologists, who are concerned with modern skeletal remains, bioarchaeologists consider remains from an archaeologic context, including where they were discovered, such as the soil or other organic matter immediately surrounding the remains and any other objects or artifacts near the body; also, while considering the legal and ethical issues surrounding the collection, analysis and storage of human remains (Shook, 2019b). Bioarchaeologists used context from the "Is It Modern or Archaeological?" section to determine whether this skeleton was archaeological was the place he was excavated from and given historical reports identifying the burial site as the Grey Friars church (King et al., 2014). Bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists find it essential to learn about the human remains discovered, such as who it is. Finding this information through a biological profile allows them to capture an individual's identifying characteristics or biological information (Shook, 2019b). This is important as it helps to match similarities to known individuals in the past and current skeletal remains from an archaeological context in helping to learn about people's everyday lives (Shook, 2019b). Finally, from the "Who Is It?" section, the tools used to conclude the skeleton was likely King Richard III's remains were dating tools collecting data on archaeological, osteological and radiocarbon that determined his sex, physical characteristics, age, battle trauma as historically documented and genealogical data (King et al., 2014). References King, T., Fortes, G., Balaresque, P. et al. Identification of the remains of King Richard III. Nat Commun 5, 5631 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6631 Shook, B. (2019b, December 9). Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology . Pressbooks. https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/explorationsbioanth/chapter/ __unknown__-5/ Historical records and subsequent analysis have suggested the general location of the Grey Friars friary and its relation to modern-day Leicester. However, for over 500 years, the exact site of Richard III's grave had remained unknown. His remains were found under a car park that used to be a medieval church.

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