ANTH1101-FEX-F21-2

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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ANTHROPOLOGY 1101-009 FINAL EXAM, December 14, 2021 Name Sophia Ferreira ________________________________Student No. 801209858 ________________________ Read each multiple-choice statement carefully, because there is only one correct answer (worth 2 points each). Take your time because you should have no difficulty in completing this exam in the allotted time. 1. Children learn how to behave correctly as part of a particular community’s culture: A. through an extended learning process. B. because of the genetic pattern they inherit from their parents. C. through observations of other members of their community. D. A & C 2. What distinguishes human cultural behavior from non-cultural behavior? A. Cultural behaviors are built into our genes and non-cultural ones are not. B. Cultural behaviors are learned and non-cultural ones are not. C. Non-cultural behaviors are learned and cultural ones are not. D. A & C 3. The amount of violence within human societies: A. has declined as we have evolved away from our primate ancestors. B. has declined since the development of cities and the rise of civilization. C. increased with the development of cities and increasing social hierarchy. D. is due mostly to the effects of poor parenting that creates selfish individuals. 4. Edward B. Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan are associated with: A. classical or unilineal evolutionism B. diffusionism C. Kulturkreise D. cultural materialism 5. Sex, gender, and sexuality are interconnected concepts. For anthropologists, the term ________ refers to the set of cultural expectations about proper behavior for males and females, while the term ___________ refers to the division of our species into biological categories of male and female. A. sex gender B. gender sex C. sexism sexual orientation D. sexuality gender identification. 6. An example of religious syncretism would be the: A. success of Protestant sects at gaining converts from Catholicism B. spread of Catholicism throughout Latin American countries C. revival of ancient Maya religion by Indians of highland Guatemala D. Indian worship of the Virgin Mary at a former shrine to an Aztec goddess 7. The holistic perspective of anthropological research means: A. Anthropologists recognize that their research is full of holes. B. Anthropologists attempt to study the entirety of the human species’ experience. C. Anthropologists attempt to fill in the holes in our understanding of humans. D. The main focus of anthropology is keeping cultures intact and unchanging. 8. The maximum population of a species allowed by existing environmental conditions is known as: A. carrying capacity. B. environmental equilibrium. C. the top of the food chain. D. population curve.

ANTHROPOLOGY 1101 FINAL EXAM 12/14/2021 PAGE 2 9. Mary Douglas stresses which role of cultural behaviors? A. practical B. materialistic C. symbolic D. biological 10. Franz Boas is associated with what school of anthropological theory? A. Kulturkreise B. Diffusionist C. Historical Particularism D. Unilineal Evolutionism 11. Kuru among the Fore of Papua New Guinea is passed from person to person by: A. cannibalism. B. sharing drinking vessels. C. airborne microorganisms. D. sexual contact. 12. Many anthropologists utilize the scientific method. In anthropology and other social science research, theories: A. are well-supported explanations of what we observe. B. are evaluated by seeing how consistent they are with observations. C. provide guidance for collecting further information. D. all of the above 13. All research methods have pros and cons. Participant-observation has the advantage of: A. It is effective for gaining information about a large sample of people. B. It is effective for getting information about the details of daily life behavior. C. It is effective for getting information about the interrelationships of genetics and behavior. D. It is effective in getting ethnographic information quickly. 14. Which of the following was invented, as opposed to discovered? A. The radioactive properties of uranium. B. The laws of relativity. C. The nature of a nuclear chain reaction. D. The atomic bomb. 15. A religious specialist who is full-time, trains for their profession, and possesses knowledge rather than power is a: A. shaman. B. sorcerer. C. priest. D. magician. 16. The belief that a culture’s ideas and practices should be described objectively and understood in the context of that culture’s problems and opportunities is known as: A. holism B. ethnocentrism C. cultural relativism D. cultural determinism 17. Which one of the following is true of the relationship between religion and legal systems? A. Both perform many of the same functions. B. In complex cultures, law completely replaces religion as a basis for behavior. C. Some basic ideals of a legal system derive from religious beliefs. D. They ideally operate in harmony with one another within a cultural system.

ANTHROPOLOGY 1101 FINAL EXAM 12/14/2021 PAGE 3 18. Altruism is: A. a statement that is, by definition, true. B. an act performed mainly to benefit the performer. C. an act that leads to one's death. D. an act performed for the benefit of another. 19. Prayer, eating, sacrifice, music, transcendent states, and physical abuse all have what function in the context of religion? A. To organize people behind a particular religious movement. B. To remind people of their proper place in the social and religious hierarchy. C. To redistribute goods and services. D. To help get in touch with the supernatural. 20. To say that history is contingent means: A. it is completely unpredictable. B. it is fully predictable once understood. C. the proper changes can predictably alter its course. D. historical events are dependent upon all preceding events. 21. AIDS came to humans from: A. abnormal human sexual activities. B. a mutant bacterium. C. chimpanzees. D. chickens. 22. Despite over 400 years of moving around, the Hutterites have been able to maintain their identity and way of life largely as a result of being able to exercise some control over the processes of: A. invention. B. diffusion and acculturation. C. discovery. D. revolution. 23. How, in general, does Marvin Harris explain the biblical dietary laws? A. They were means of establishing the identity of the ancient Hebrews B. They were all health or hygiene related. C. They resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations. D. They functioned to impose order on one part of the ancient Hebrews' world. 24. In what way might the Holiness Church be said to be egalitarian? A. There are no socioeconomic differences among the members. B. The people are generally simply foragers or horticulturalists. C. Collections are taken at the services and redistributed equally among members. D. There is no formal leader, and belief and activity are personal and individual. 25. Social scientists view “race” as: A. being comprised of three major groups: Caucasian, Negroid, and Mongoloid. B. a social construct that categorizes people through some socially defined physical characteristics. C. genetic patterning D. A & C 26. Anthropologists are often opposed to what many people call modernization and progress. Why? A. They don't want traditional people to be modernized because then anthropologists won't have anything to study. B. Modernization is often associated with increasing disease and loss of land rights for members of traditional cultures. C. Anthropologists are very ethnocentric about their own culture. D. Anthropologists use too much cultural relativism and deny certain universal human rights.

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