Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide Spring 2024
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Apr 3, 2024
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Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide
**DO NOT GOOGLE ANSWERS! Sometimes you will find inconsistencies between the textbook material and the internet. Exam questions will be based on TEXTBOOK material!
**Any Notes and/or explanations that are written in the study guides are testable material
How to complete the Study Guide questions
The Study Guide questions are grouped by textbook Chapter sections and are listed in the order that they appear in the reading. Complete the questions as follows:
1) Read the textbook section. This is important because it will give you the context and background needed to understand and answer the questions.
2) Go to the questions for that section and re-read the section while answering the questions.
3) Answer the questions very carefully. 75% of the exam questions are based on the information in the Chapter Study Guides. Most of the exam questions will not be
asked word for word from the Study Guide questions but will be based upon the information. EXAMPLE
: Question 5 in Section 1.2 asks: What is the scientific method
? The answer is:
The scientific method
is a system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation.
Questions that could be asked: A) The _____________
is a system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation. (
ANSWER: scientific method
)
B) A system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation is called the ____________. (
ANSWER: scientific method
)
C) What is the name of the systematic method of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation? (
ANSWER: scientific method
)
Section 1-1
To make the most of your learning, read the text and view the art together
Read section. No questions.
Section 1-2
Anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) are closely integrated
1) What is the difference between anatomy
and physiology
? Anatomy describes structures of the body, physiology studies functions of anatomical structures.
2) Define gross (microscopic)
and microscopic anatomy
. Gross anatomy examines large visible structures, microscopic anatomy studies cells and molecules- cytology and histology 3) Define histology
. The study of tissues 4) What is the difference between a sign
and a symptom
. Give examples of each. Symptoms are what the patient perceives and signs are what the doctors perceive. Symptom is a fever, sign is tiredness
5) What is the scientific method
? Form hypothesis based on observations, then test it by collecting and analyzing data
Section 1-3
Levels of organization progress from chemicals to complete organisms
1) List the levels of organization from most simple to most complex. Atoms, molecules(groups of atoms),
cells, tissues(groups of cells that work together) Organs(two or more tissues working together), Organ System Level (Group of interacting organs) Organism
2) List what each organizational level is comprised of (ie: Tissue: comprised of similar cells which work together)
Section 1-4
Medical terminology is important to understanding anatomy and physiology
1) What is Terminologia Anatomica
, and why is it important?
Section 1-5
Anatomical terms describe body regions, anatomical positions and directions, and body sections
1) Describe the stance of a body in the anatomical position
. Standing Upwards, hands at sides, palms fowards
2) Use the information in Spotlight Figure 1-2 Levels of Organization
to answer the following:
Name the 12 organ systems and list the organs that belong to each. FYI: this figure separates the male and
female reproductive systems, due to the various structures that comprise each. This is why I am asking for
12 organ systems, instead of 11.
Integumentary- Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
Skeletal- Bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow
Muscular- skeletal muscles and tendons
Nervous- Brain and spinal cord, peripheral nerves and sense organs
Endocrine- pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, other endocrine tissues in other systems
Cardiovascular- Heart, blood, blood vessels
Lymphatic- Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
Respiratory- Nasal cavaties, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Digestive- Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Urinary- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Male reproductive- Testes epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland penis, scrotum
Female reproductive- Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
3) Learning anatomical terms of body regions is imperative when describing specific parts of the body amongst healthcare professionals. When studying the course material this semester, you will see many of the scientific terms that are listed below. Knowledge of these anatomical terms will facilitate learning and
understanding of topics that we will cover in subsequent chapters this semester. Use the textbook Figure 1-3
Anatomical Landmarks
to complete this question.
-What is the common name for the following scientific terms. (ie: popliteal refers to the back of the knee)
1) acromial- Shoulder 11) femoral- femur or thigh
2) antebrachial- relating to the forearm
12) inguinal- groin
3) axillary – pertaining to the armpit
13) ocular- eyes
4) brachial- between the elbow and shoulder joints 14) olecranal- ulna behind elbow joint
5) buccal- cheeks
15) otic- Ear
6) calcaneal- heel
16) pedal- feet
7) carpal- wrist
17) plantar- bottom of the foot
8) cephalic- relates to the head
18) popliteal- back of the knee
9) cervical – neck region in spinal column
19) tarsal- several short bones in the ankle
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