LAB #5 Newtons_Second_law_online_labezimmerman

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Pennsylvania State University *

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1012LAB

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Aerospace Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Emile Zimmerman PHYS 1101L LAB 5 LAB #5 Investigating Newton’s Second Law of Motion In this lab, we will be investigating the effects of applied force on objects with varying masses. We will first experiment freely, by placing items on a skateboard and observing the acceleration while applying forces ranging from 50N to 500N and mentally noting their acceleration. We will then take a more structured approach by notating the final velocity of different masses ranging from 40kg to 200kg with a constant applied force of 50N for 5 seconds. We will then calculate the acceleration for each mass. I believe that we will see that the higher the force, the higher the acceleration. I also think that items with a greater mass will accelerate less quickly than items with a lesser mass. PART A - QUESTIONS: a. What happens to the change in the value of the speed as you increased the amount of force applied on your chosen item? When the amount of force applied is increase, the change in the value of speed also increase. The higher the amount of force is applied, the more quickly the value of speed increases. b. What does this observation tell you about the relationship between the external force applied and a given mass’s acceleration (the rate of change in velocity)? The relationship between the external force and the mass’s acceleration has a positive correlation. TABLE 1: ACCELERATION OF DIFFERENT BODIES AT 50-N FORCE ITEM MASS (kg) INITIAL VELOCITY (m/s) FINAL VELOCITY (m/s) ACCELERATION (m/s 2 ) child 40 0 6.8 1.36 crate 50 0 5.2 1.04 man 80 0 3.2 0.64 metal trash bin 100 0 2.6 0.52 refrigerator 200 0 1.3 0.26 Your Choice of Object/Objects 150+? 0 1.3 0.26 PART B - QUESTIONS: a. What did you notice with the acceleration values obtained by the different items? What do you think caused the variations in these values? I noticed that the lighter the mass, the greater the acceleration. I believe that the variations of the values are due to the greater resistance force that items with higher masses produce. b. What variable/s can you manipulate in the simulation to make all the items in Table 1 to get the roughly the same values for their acceleration? Explain how this idea will work. The variable that would most likely be able to manipulate the results for an equal acceleration value would be the applied force. With increased mass, you would need to increase the applied force for it to be relative to the acceleration of the lightest mass on the chart. CONCEPT CHECK: At constant mass, the acceleration of an object varies directly with the net external force applied. That is to say, that an object’s acceleration increases as the force applied is increased , but its acceleration decreases if the force applied is decreased.

At constant force, acceleration varies inversely with mass. When subjected to the same amount of net external force, a heavier object will experience less acceleration than a lighter one. In conclusion, this experiment showed that with a constant mass, acceleration and applied force have a positive correlation whereas with a constant force, acceleration and mass have a negative correlation.

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